Seibutsu Butsuri

Structural analysis of proteins by the experimental evolution.

Haruhiko MASAKI

1988 Volume 28 Issue 3 Pages 115-118
Published: May 25, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: May 25, 2009

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2142/biophys.28.115

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Gene structures and evolution of the E-group colicins are briefly reviewed. The experimental evolution of colicins, taking advantage of their potentially lethal nature, presents a new analytical approach to the protein-protein interactions.

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Molecular Phylogenetics and the Origin of Man

Masami HASEGAWA

1988 Volume 28 Issue 3 Pages 119-124
Published: May 25, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: May 25, 2009

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2142/biophys.28.119

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A maximum likelihood method for inferring phylogenetic trees from DNA sequence data is reviewd. Estimation of the variance of the maximum log likelihood of a given tree is important for evaluating to what extent the tree with the highest value of the maximum likelihood among the alternative trees is a significantly good candidate for the true tree. The method is applied to mitochondrial DNA data from Hominoidea. The analysis strongly links humans with the African apes and excludes orangutans as an outgroup.
It is suggested that the evolutionary rate of the η-globin pseudogene decreased in Hominoidea compared to Cercopithecoidea. A molecular clock, which takes into account of the decrease of the rate, is calibrated by setting the date of divergence between Catarrhini and Platyrrhini at 30 million years ago. The clock gives date of 5-7 million years ago for the separation of man from chimpanzee.

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Control of Initiation of ColE1 Plasmid Replication by Alteration of RNA Conformation

Hisao MASUKATA

1988 Volume 28 Issue 3 Pages 125-130
Published: May 25, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: May 25, 2009

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2142/biophys.28.125

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Initiation of ColE1 plasmid replication requires hybridization of the primer transcript (RNA II) to the template DNA at the replication origin. The hybridization is inhibited by binding of another RNA, RNA I, to RNA II. This binding, which occurs in the nonessential region proximal to the 5'-end of RNA II, alters the secondary structure of RNA II even in the region far downstream of the segment where RNA I binds. Similar functional and Structural alterations of RNA II are caused by a single-base change within the nonessential region. By forming an alternative structure, the dispensable region affects folding of a downstream region, and thus participates in the regulation of DNA replication.

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Mechanism of Specific Cleavage of the Terminal Phosphoryl Group of ATP

Yasuo SHINOHARA, Hiroshi TERADA

1988 Volume 28 Issue 3 Pages 131-134
Published: May 25, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: May 25, 2009

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2142/biophys.28.131

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This paper deals with why the P_β0-P_γ bond is cleaved specifically in the enzymic hydrolysis of ATP mediated by Mg²⁺. Mg²⁺ coordinates with the β-and γ-phosphoryl groups in such a way that it binds more strongly to the former. This asymmetric coordination weakens the bond where specific cleavage takes place in the enzyme catalyzed hydrolysis.

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Two-Dimensional NMR of Proteins

Mitsuhiko IKURA

1988 Volume 28 Issue 3 Pages 135-140
Published: May 25, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: May 25, 2009

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2142/biophys.28.135

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This paper deals with the modern nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) technique, socalled two-dimensional (2D) NMR spectroscopy. 2D-NMR has extended the range of applications of NMR spectroscopy, particularly to complex macromolecules such as proteins and nucleic acids. We focus the attention on the structure analysis of proteins by 2D-NMR spectroscopy and discuss the usefulness and limitation of this method.

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Studies on the initiation mechanism of sperm molity: On reviewing the past and previewing the future

Masaaki MORISAWA

1988 Volume 28 Issue 3 Pages 141-147
Published: May 25, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: May 25, 2009

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2142/biophys.28.141

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Spermatozoa are immotile while contained in the male reproductive organ and active motility is initiated at spawning or ejaculation. This dramatic event, initiation of sperm motility has attracted the attention of many scientists for a long time. Recently, the author and his colleagues found that potassium-cyclic AMP, or osmolality-calcium system regulates the on-off switch of sperm motility in many animal species. Studies in the past and view in the future concerning our work are described.

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[title in Japanese]

[in Japanese], [in Japanese]

1988 Volume 28 Issue 3 Pages 148-151
Published: May 25, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: May 25, 2009

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2142/biophys.28.148

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[title in Japanese]

[in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese]

1988 Volume 28 Issue 3 Pages 152-155
Published: May 25, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: May 25, 2009

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2142/biophys.28.152

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[title in Japanese]

[in Japanese]

1988 Volume 28 Issue 3 Pages 156-159
Published: May 25, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: May 25, 2009

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2142/biophys.28.156

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