Seibutsu Butsuri
Online ISSN : 1347-4219
Print ISSN : 0582-4052
ISSN-L : 0582-4052
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Volume 56, Issue 1
Issue 323
Displaying 1-19 of 19 articles from this issue
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Perspective
Review
  • Mechanism for the Transport of ABC Transporters by Experimental and Simulation Studies
    Tadaomi FURUTA, Tomohiro YAMAGUCHI, Hiroaki KATO, Minoru SAKURAI
    2016 Volume 56 Issue 1 Pages 005-008
    Published: 2016
    Released on J-STAGE: January 27, 2016
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2142/biophys.56.005
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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    ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters constitute one of the largest superfamilies of membrane proteins that translocate variable substrates through the transmembrane domains (TMDs) powered by the ATP-driven nucleotide-binding domain (NBDs) engines. The coupling helices (CHs) located at the NBD-TMD interfaces play important roles in the structural transition between the inward- and outward-facing conformations. Here, we review our recent studies on the roles of CHs and the effects of ATP and substrates in the functional dynamics of ABC transporters.
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  • Structural Insight into the Arms Race between Tomato Mosaic Virus and the Resistance Gene Tm-1
    Etsuko KATOH, Kazuhiro ISHIBASHI
    2016 Volume 56 Issue 1 Pages 009-012
    Published: 2016
    Released on J-STAGE: January 27, 2016
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2142/biophys.56.009
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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    The Tm-1 gene of tomato encodes a 754-aa protein that binds tomato mosaic virus (ToMV) replication proteins and inhibits viral RNA replication. We determined a crystal structure of complex of an N-terminal fragment of Tm-1 and helicase domain of ToMV (ToMV-Hel). The residues in ToMV-Hel that are changed in resistance-breaking mutants are directly involved in the interaction. The positively selected region of Tm-1 formed the binding surface with ToMV-Hel. Thus, the antagonistic coevolution between a resistance protein and a viral protein has occurred at the interaction interface on both sides.
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  • Membrane Dynamics during Cytokinesis
    Tetsuya TAKEDA
    2016 Volume 56 Issue 1 Pages 013-017
    Published: 2016
    Released on J-STAGE: January 27, 2016
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2142/biophys.56.013
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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    Cytokinesis is the final step in cell division essential for cell proliferation, tissue differentiation and animal reproduction. Cytokinesis is featured by its dramatic changes in cell shape by which a cell divides into two nascent cells with equal genomic background. The cell morphogenesis during cytokinesis is mainly driven by extensive reorganization of cytoskeleton. However, recent studies demonstrated that various membrane dynamics such as membrane trafficking and membrane remodeling also play essential roles during cytokinesis. In this review, I will overview function and regulation of the membrane dynamics during cytokinesis and discuss about its future perspectives.
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  • Spatiotemporal Analysis of Protein Transport and Membrane Morphogenesis in Vertebrate Photoreceptors
    Yoshikazu IMANISHI
    2016 Volume 56 Issue 1 Pages 018-022
    Published: 2016
    Released on J-STAGE: January 27, 2016
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2142/biophys.56.018
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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    The first step of our vision is initiated when photons are absorbed by the subcellular organelle of photoreceptor neuron called outer segment. Outer segment incorporates phototransduction proteins and structural constituents for its continuous renewal. The author and his colleagues recently developed a photoconversion technique, which allowed monitoring specific protein transport and renewal of outer segment structures. Moreover, quantitative microscopy was harnessed to understand the roles of transport signals in the prototypical ciliary GPCR, rhodopsin. This review summarizes our recent findings on the process of outer segment morphogenesis, membrane protein trafficking and compartmentalization in vertebrate rod photoreceptors.
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  • RNA/RNP Nanotechnology for Biological Applications
    Hirohisa OHNO, Hirohide SAITO
    2016 Volume 56 Issue 1 Pages 023-026
    Published: 2016
    Released on J-STAGE: January 27, 2016
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2142/biophys.56.023
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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    RNA is one of suitable biomaterials for the fabrication in nanoscale, because of its ability to self-assemble. Naturally occurring RNA often interacts with proteins, facilitating and regulating the formation of functional molecular complexes in cells. We focused on RNA-protein complex (RNP) to design and construct synthetic nanostructures, because RNP nanostructures have a potential to form complicated structures with sophisticated functions. Here we review our designed RNP nanostructures and possible biological applications. Functional molecules can be introduced into the RNP nanostructures and applied to control functions of mammalian cells. These RNP nanostructures can expand the field of nanotechnology, biomedicine and synthetic biology.
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Topics
Theoretical and experimental techniques
Activity of Regional Branch
Young Voice
Letters from Abroad
Promenade along Protein 3D Structures
Book Review
Technical term
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