Thermal degradation brought with gas chromatographic analysis of Ethyl parathion (EP) and Malathion (M) are quantitatively studied. Under the various temperature of injection part and column, and various retention time, the factors which should effect on the degradation of the samples are studied. The stability of the samples are determined by comparing with stable internal standard substance such as di-n-butyl phthalate (BP). Calibration curves for the assay are prepared with a column containing 1.5% neopentyl glycol succinate (NGS) as the stationary phase.

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The effect of bile juice and bile acid on various microbial lipase prepartions from Aspergillus, Candida Phizopus, Mucor and Pseudomonas were measured. The lipase from Mucor as well as pancreatic lipase was remarkably activated with bile juice (human, cow, pig) and bile acid in vegetable oils and higher triglyceride substrate, but inhibited with sodium cholate in lower triglyceride, such as tripropionin and tributyrin. The lipases from Pseudomonas and Bacillus were slightly activated with sodium cholate and sodium taurocholate, but inhibited with various bile juice at ten times dilution. The lipases from Aspergillus, Candida, and Rhizopus were remarkably inhibited with various bile juice and bile acid. From the result that Mucor lipase was activated with bile juice in various substrates, the lipase seems to exhibit the excellent lipase activities in intestinal canal.

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Recently the enzymes produced by microorganisms have been studied or used. However, most of microbial lipases were inhibited by bile juice. Therefore, filamentous fungi producing bile sensitive lipase were screened. From the screening, a species of Mucor which produced strong bile sensitive lipase was cultivated aerobically. Lipase with high activity was obtained from the filtered broth. Pharmaceutical studies were made on the lipase. The optimum pH of this preparation for digestion was 7.0 and very strong digestive activity was shown between pH 5 and pH 8. The stability of the lipase activity in various pH solution was good between pH 4 and pH 8. When heated in a dry state, the activity of the preparation was more stable than that of pancreatic lipase. At 20°C with relative humidity of 75% and at 30°C with a relative humidity of 92%, the preparation retained stronger activity than pancreatic lipase. The digestive activity of the preparation was activated with calcium chloride and quinine sulfate, but greatly inhibited with heavy metal ions, and slightly with sodium cyanate and sodium fluoride. As to the substrate specificity of the preparation strong lipase activity was exhibited on tripropionin, tributyrin, olive oil, sesame oil, coconut oil and tween 20, but was not enough on trimyristin, tristearin and triacetin.

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From the result of screening microorganisims which produce lipase, it was found that a species of Pseudomonas produced bile sensitive lipase. The microorganisms were cultivated aerobically and the lipase preparation was obtained from the filtered broth. Pharmaceutical studies were made on the preparation. The optimum pH of this preparation for digestion was 7.5, and the very strong digestive activity was shown between pH 5 and pH 11. The stability of the preparetion was very good between pH 8-11, but was not good in artificial intestinal juice. The powdery lipase preparation was relatively stable at 100°C and retained 55% of the activity after 24 hours at 100°C. It was slightly activated with calcium chloride and sodium chloride, inhibited with copper sulfate, ferric chloride, and activated up to 140% with quiniine sulfate in 10^-8 M concentration. The digestive activity of this preparation was inhibited with alkaline protease, but elevated with sodium taurocholate, sodium cholate and diluted bile juice.

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Catguts (Type A and Type C, size, 2-0) sealed into various solution were used in this experiment. The tensile strength of the guts decreased with increasing dose, but the decreasing degree of strength by irradiation at sterilizing dose 2.5 Mrad showed less than 10%. No significant difference was observed in the tensile strength between the guts irradiated after sealing into isopropyl alcohol, xylene or toluene, and the guts sealed into isopropyl alcohol after irradiating in dry state. Absorbency of the irradiated guts was examined by measuring the tensile strength after the im mersion in artificial gastric juice or rabbit serum in the comparison with the non-irradiated guts. There was found no difference of the tensile strength between irradiated and nonirradiated guts. The sterilizing dose was determined by using the guts and the paper contaminated with Bacillis subtilis PCI219 spores. Even the samples contaminated with 10⁶-10⁷ spores were sterilized at a dose level of 2.5 Mrad. Decreasing radioresistance of the spores was observed with increasing time immersed in isopropyl alcohol.

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Braid silk sutures (size, 2-0) pretreated or non-pretreated with silicone (Toshiba Co., TSF 484) were subjected to gamma radiation and effects of irradiation on the tensile strength and the solubility of the sutures were investigated. On the other hand, grafting and water repellent degree of the sutures grafted by silicone with gamma irradiation, were compared with those of the siliconized sutures by heating. The tensile strength of the sutures were decreased with increasing radiation dose, but no difference was observed between the decreasing degree of the strength of the sutures irradiated at sterilization dose (2.5 Mrad) and that of the sutures autocraved. No significant decrease was observed in the water repellent of the grafted sutures for long boiling and for immersion in storage solution (ethanol or carbolic acid). It seems to be promissing to produce silicone grafted sutures sterilized by irradiation.

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A brief A. C. polarographic method has been studied for the determination of trace amounts of lead in several plants. The ash (below 300mg) by dry digesting was treated in excess hydrochloric acid, and evaporated to dryness. The residue was taken up in 5 ml of mixture of 0.4 N hydrochloric acid and 0.4 M tartaric acid, and stirred for ten minutes. The solution was transferred to a 10ml volumetric flask, made up to the mark with the mixture, and the polarogram of lead was recorded at -0.3∼-0.6V. It was found that tartaric acid had a nature of suppressing of a large peak due to the charging current of hydrochloric acid, and a mixture of supporting electrolyte had little influence of dissolved oxygen and soluble coexisting ions on the determination of lead.

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Solutions of ²⁰³Hg-labelled phenyl mercuric acetate (PMA), phenyl mercuric chloride (PMC), ethyl mercuric chloride (EMC) and mercuric chloride (MC) were given to a number of rats by single peroral administration, and the distribution patterns (TABLE I∼IV) were observed at several time interval after injection, measuring the γ-radioactivities of 9 kinds of internal organs, blood, residual part, urine and feces with Packard Armac scintillation counter. Every compound distributed evenly to all organs initially and disappearance from stomach was 2-3 days after administration, and on the clearance from intestine, MC was most rapid, aryl compounds almost disappeared at 3-4 days after administration, while about 2.5% of alkyl compound remained even about 7 days after administration. Accumulation of radioactivity in brain after the injection of EMC was higher than the injection of other compounds upto 7 days after administration. Concerning the concentration of ²⁰³Hg in blood, PMA, PMC and MC showed the peak at 6 hours after administration, but EMC presented a very high peak (60%) at 9 hours later. The value of concentration occured by MC was very low (Fig 1). The change of concentration in liver was similar to that in blood (Fig 2). PMA, -perhaps PMC also, -showed the peak of accumulation of ²⁰³Hg in kidney at 3 days after administration, that of EMC was 4 days later, and MC was not accumulated practically (Fig 3). As far as from the limited data of these experiments, it was observed that still 1% of fed mercury remained in kidney upto 89, 77 and about 110 days after a single administration of PMA, PMC and EMC respectively.

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Following an intraveneous injection of labelled phenylmercuric acetate (PMA-²⁰³Hg), the chemical form of mercury in rat kidney was investigated. Acetone powder of kidney was hydrolyzed enzymatically with pronase, and mercurial compounds in decomposed product extracted with dithizone in CCl₄ were fractionated by alumina-column chromatography. Because of significant activity was found in two fractions corresponding to organomercuric-and Hg-dithizonates, it was demonstrated radiochemically that PMA in kidney had been metabolized partially to inorganic mercury. Furthermore, it was also presumed that mercury might be conjugated not only with protein but with other components in kidney, based on a fact that a very small part of kidney, showing high radioactivity, could not be solubilized with pronase.

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