A thorough investigation-has been made for the transformations in the solid state of the alloys of the copper-antimony system by means of differential dilatometric and electric resistance measurements and microscopic examination. The results of the experiments are summarized as follows:-
In the solid state there exist seven phases, α, β, γ, δ, η, ε and θ; the last phase has been found in the present investigation Among these phases, the β phase is formed directly from liquid at 684° by the compound Cu₅Sb₂, and it decomposes into θ and δ phases by the eutectoid reaction β_??_δ+θ 436° and 63.5% Cu, and also with γ phase it forms θ phase by the peritectoid reaction β+γ_??_θ at 440° and 58.95% Cu. In the cooling, while this peritectoid reaction accompanies expansion and decrease in electric resistivity, the eutectoid reaction accompanies contraction and increase in electric resistivity. The δ phase is formed at 462° and 70.14% Cu by the peritectoid reaction η+β_??_δ and has about 2% solid solubility range, as previously reported. The η phase is formed at 488° and 74.17% Cu by the peritectoid reaction α+β_??_η and decomposes into α-and δ phases at 400°, as also reported previously. The solubility range of the η phase at 462° is 73.5_??_74.1% Cu and the eutectoid composition is 73.9% Cu.

抄録全体を表示

An X-ray analysis has been carried out for the alloys of Ni-Si throughout the whole system. The results obtained are summarised in Table 11 and some powder photograms of the phases existing in this system are-shown in Photos. 1_??_10.

抄録全体を表示

The internal energy of nickel at low temperatures were calculated and explained reasonably by taking contributions from electrons and ferro-magnetism into consideration, which were overlooked by Eucken and Werth who failed therefore to express the specific heat of nickel by the Debye's function containing terms of constant characteristic temperature.
The relation among specific heat, energy and expansion coefficient was also explained on the basis of the Grüneisen's theory as in the case of copper, previously reported.

抄録全体を表示

The selectivity of photo-electron transition in the surface of zinc crystal was closely examined, and found that it has an intimate relation with the direction of the oscillating electric vector of the exciting light. Further, applying the results obtained from the electrode potentials of the surfaces of Zn-single crystal, it was inferred that the selection rule, Δ=±1, is explicable from the fact that the stability of orbital motion of the election depends on the mutual orientation of the orbital plane and the electric vector of the exciting light. On the basis of this conception it was concluded that the orbital planes of p and d electrons in the energy levels, E₂ and E₃, in the surface layer of zinc crystal are perpendicular and parallel, respectively to the axis, [0001], of the crystal of this metal.

抄録全体を表示

Diejenigen Cu-Si-Legierungen, welche bis etwa 5% Si enthalten, sind sehr wichtig, für die Silzin-Bronze und Corson-Legierungen. Das allgemein gebrauchte Zustandsdiagramm für dieses System ist das von C. S. Smith und von K. Iokibe, Darin bemerkt man Aber an der Sattigungsgrenze des α-Mischkristalls, daβ Legierungen, welche wärend bei normaler Temperatur etwa 3% Si enthalten, übe; 700° 6.8% Si lösen. Um es gründlich zu untersuchen, wandte der Verfasser die Präzisionsröntgenanalyse an, und fend dabei eine ganz veränderte Sättigungsgrenze, indem Legierungen, die bei der peritektischen Temperatur 850°, 4.75% Si, bei 830_??_800° 4.99% Si enthalten, und je nach der Absteigung der Temperature die Sättigungsgrenze geringer wird, so daβ sie bei normaler Temperatur nur 3% Si enthalten. Ferner fand der Verfasser, daβ eine β-Phase, welche Cu₇Si entspricht, existiert. Die β-Phase, deren Gitter-Konstanten a=2.552 Å c=4.152 Å, c/a=1.626 sind, hat die hexagonale dichteste Kugelpackung, welche bis zur normalen Temperatur stabil ist, und zeigt bei 780° die gröβte Sättigungsgrenze von 5.8 bis 6.5% Si. Die kubischraumzentrierte ε-Phase zeigt bei 780° die Eutektoidsumwandlung, ihre Gitterkonstante ist a=2.848 Å bei 7.2% Si.
Nach den Ergebnissen der differentialthermischen Kurven und der mikroskopischen Untersuchungen bestimmte der Verfasser das Zustandsdiagramm des Kupfer-Siliziums unterhalb 9% Si.
Die Natur der ε-Umwandlung betreffend hatte er dieselben Ergebnisse wie bei der β-Umwandlung der Cu-Sn, Cu-Al Legierungen, die er aber in einem anderen Aufsatze erörtern will.

抄録全体を表示

The properties of mild steel quenched from above the transformation temperature were found to vary by ageing; the storage or ageing of quenched steel caused a considerable increase in elongation and a reduction of area without an appreciable change in tensile strength.
The result of hydrogen analysis suggested that this age-toughening phenomenon is due to liberation of hydrogen which is absorbed from wetted atmosphere during heating in the electric furnace.

抄録全体を表示

The first section of this paper deals with a new solution method of the spectrographic analysis, i.e. its apparatus, procedure and application to the analysis of steel. By this method accurate results were obtained even if the sample is small in quantity or percentage of alloying elements is relatively higher. The sample of 0.2g is dissolved in 5 cc of hydrochloric acid solution and compaired spectrographically to the standard solutions of the same. concentration. The quantity of the element to be analyzed was varied in the range of 0.04_??_0.6 mg/cc.
In the second part of this paper, an application of this method to the investigation of dendritic segregation of Ni-Cr and Ni-Cr-Mo steel ingots was given. The result of this experiment showed that Ni, Cr and Mo are higher in the fillings of dendrite than in the boughs.

抄録全体を表示