The ΔE-effect (change of Young's modulus with magnetization) in annealed iron-nickel alloys has been measured in detail by the method of magnetostrictive oscillation. It was found that Young's modulus in alloys of the α-solid-solution range (0_??_28 percent nickel) was not affected by the weak magnetic field of several oersteds. The ΔE-effect in pure iron (Armco iron) and alloys containing 60_??_80 percent nickel shows a small, negativeminimum at the weak field where the magnetization curve shows an inflexion. Further, the ΔE-effect in pure iron and nickel (Mond nickel) and an alloy containing 80 percent nickel shows a secondary and somewhat conespicuous increase, while the effect in alloys containing 5, 30 and 90 percent nickel shows a slight decrease, both preceding to the saturation. The saturation values of the ΔE-effect were found to be all positive over the whole composition range of alloys, as expected from a theoretical consideration. These values are, at most, 0.3 percent in the α-solid-solution range, while they are generally of the order of several percent in the γ-solid-solution range (28_??_100 percent nickel).

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The heavy cold rolled silicon steel has the fiber structure of the type (011) [110] (rolled plane pararell to (001), rolling direction pararell to [110]). By annealing this material at high temperature, the [100] axis approaches to the rolling direction. The writer has measured themagnetic torque curves of this material in the process of recrystallization and considered the mechanism of the change of the crystal orientation by recrystallization. The heavy cold rolled silicon steel is rich in (001) [110] type crystal and mixed with mechanical zwin whose zwinning plane is (112). By annealing, this zwin forms the nuclei for the recrystallization and the recrystallization structure has the (112) [411) type fiber structure. The fiber structure of the annealed samples are analized from the magnetic torque curves by the Akulov- Brüchatov's method. After 85% cold rolling, this material includes 30% (001) [110] type crystal and, after annealing at 1200°. includes about 78% (122) [411] type crystal.

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The intensity of the reflected light from the etched surface of globular pearlite, was measured by the photo-cell. The intensity decreases and increases almost at the equal interval as the etching proceeds. The cause of this phenomenon was discussed and satisfactorily demonstrated. The surface of the cementite on the etched surface is almost in plane and parallel to the ferrite surface. The reflected lights from the cementite and ferrite surfaces interfer with eaph other and its intensity becomes minumum when the difference in path is λ/4n and becomes maximum when it is λ/2n, λ is the wave length of the light and n is the refractive index of the etching reagent, as the etching proceeds. The pearlitic colour of the etched surface of globular pearlite is produced by the interference of the reflected lights from the cementite and ferrite surrfaces, The contrast of the micro-photograph is weakest when the intensity of the reflected light is maximum. The dark portion observable around the cementite globule is mainly the oblique side of the cementite and any groove that may be formed by the electrolytic corrosion does not exist or is so small that it is not recognized under microscope when the etching depth is λ/4n.

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Es liegen viele Veröffentlichungen über die Einfachheit, Schnelligkeit und Genauigkeit des Verbrennuggsverfahrens vor, aber in den meisten derselben ist die analytische Grundfrage nicht beriicksichtigt, d. h. eine einwandfreie Methode zu finden, nach der festgestellt werden kann, ob der Gesamtkohlenstoff sowie-schwefel vollkommen von dem gebrannten Rückstande getrennt sind. Von diesem Standpunkte aus hat Verfasser untersucht, welche Trennungsmethode am besten ist, and aus welchem Grunde wir den Zuschlpg wählen müssen, um eine niedrige Verbrennungstemperatur und eine vollkommen Verbrennung zu erzielen.

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Although the recent methods of extracting gases from aluminium and its alloys are made by heating the metal in vacuo, the author, in the present report, has evolved a method where by the sample is melted in a vessel, and then the same is adopted as a pole in a discharge appratus operating at about 1, 000_??_10, 000 volts with an alternating current of a few milliamps. The gases which are thus evolved are collected by the Sprengel pump, and measured and analysed., The total quantity of gases that can thus be extracted from pure aluminium by the author's method is between 15_??_20 cc/100 grams of metals in comparison with 0.5_??_1.5 cc/100 grams of metal collected by using the common method of solely heating vacuo. Although a method similar o the author's has already been proposed by Moreau, Chaudron, and Portevin, the following fundamental differences exist there:
Author's method Moreau, Chaudron, and Portevin's method
(1) Current used Alternating Direct
(2) State of metal Molten Solid
(3) Amount of sample Optional Thin sheet (0.1m/m thickness)
(4) Condition of sample Can be entirely freed from surface contamination Cannot be entirely freed from surface contamination
From the above-mentioned differences, we can state that (1) the sample in the method as adopted by Moreau, Chaudron, and Portevin cannot be entirely freed from the surface, contamination, as has been pointed out by Steinhäuser; and consequently it becomes a source of error in measuring the total gas content of the metal itself; and that (2) the smallness in quantity of the sample is such that a large room for error likewise enters into the calculations in comparison with the total gas content of the sample itself. On the other hand, the author's method not only eliminates the above two sources of error, but also its efficiency is unimpaired by the presence of oxide film on the surface of the sample in extracting the gas from the metal. As a result of the above analysis, the author concludes that a portion of the gases existing in the metal is in so stable a state that it cannot be entirely extracted from the metal by the common method of heating in vacuo. However, by applying activation energy on the metal by the author's discharge method, the hydrogen that exists in the metal, either in a state of adsorption, solid solution, or chemical compound (Al H), is decomposed into free atomic hydrogen {H₂→2 H, (Al H)_n→Al+H}, thus enabling the extraction of all the gases from the metal at a high rate of diffusion.

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On the quantitative spectrographic analysis of Al-alloys, the accuracy of estimated results is chiefly influenced by the added elements. The author thought that this phenomenon depends mostly upon the metallic constitution and properties of the elements, etc., and in order to illustrate the cause he examined the two component, alloys. First of all by the spark discharge in the same condition of various Al-Si alloys, the eutectic alloy gives. the most weak spectrum line intensity at the spark condition of condenser capacity c=3000cm, self induction L=80000cm, and the calibration curve is refracted at this eutectic point. But under the protracted presparking or other spark discharge condition the curve becomes almost to the straight line. Of the Al-Cu alloys the same result is obtained at the eutectic point. In comparison with the calibration curves of Cu of the forged Al-Cu, (0.5_??_5%) alloys, -one was water-quenched from 500° after 2 hours heating and the other slowly cooled after 70 hours at 500° to room temperature - the curve of slowly cooled samples is bended in the spark condition c=3000cm, L=800000cm, and on the contrary almost straight line is obtained by the quenched one. For the purpose of ascertaining the distillation action of the elements by the spark discharge, the author studied with Al-Mg (4%) alloy in regard to the spectrum line intensity of neutral and ionized atom in the electrode gap as tine passes by, and confirmed the difference of intensity between ionized Al, Mg spectrum lines in the electrode gap. The above mentioned phenomenon is attributed to the influence of the added element. By the present author's examination on the effect of the alloying element, Zn on Al-Mg, Si on Al-Mg, Al- Fe, Mn on Al-Cu, the various amounts of added elements under the varying presparking time or spark discharge condition have the different effects respectively on the calibration curve.

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