This is a case study based on the alienation theory of delinquency presented in the last issue of this journal. Self-alienation process and mechanism of a 14 years old delinquent boy were carefully studied. This boy, although not psychopathic and having fundamental ability to relate to others, have deep sense of deprivation and repressed oral dependency need. To cover this tragic deep feeling, as a defense machanism, he develops compensatory aggression and toughness accompanied by denial of anxiety and dependency, which is reinforced by hostility. In the past, he was ambivalent between his deep dependency need and his compensatory aggression and toughness. The former let him seek socialized interpersonal relationship at home and at school which made him as conformistic as possible. The latter let him give up socialized interpersonal relationship and let him become self-alienated and delinquent. After this ambivalent period, he developed feeling to be more and more rejected by parents and society, feeling to be discriminated from “squore guys”, and deviant self-concept as a “bad boy”; which led him toward the direction to give up socialized interpersonal relationship. Thus now he alienates himself from ordinary society, gives up socialized role-taking, gives up socialized achivement, loses socialized selfe-concept, and his surperego as well as interpersonal feeling loses its socialized direction. This alienation process is always reinforced by various rejective environmental forces and also by peer group association in which he finds some substitute of what he gives up. This differential association, identification and roletaking again stimulate the outer pressure and his alienation insocial relationship (vicious circle). As he gives up socialized interpersonal relationship, in deep emotional level also, his defense mechanism against love and dependency need becomes perfect, and he is compulsively tough and hostile toward ordinary human world. As a summary of these complicated process, we can see his delinquency process just in his self-alienation mechanism in which he gives up socialized interpersonal relationship not only in periferal level of social role-taking but also in deep emotional level.

It seems to be characteristic in the human relations around juvenile delinquents that:

1) they see themselves and others self-centeredly;

2) they are poor in verbal communication with others and much inclined to act out;

3) they make opposite relationship against authorities. It is expected to psychodrama that; 1) the self-centered cognition will be broken by role play, 2) the poorness of verbal communication supplied by acting as drama, and 3) the opposite relationship against authorities loosened by acting of the therapist as an auxiliary-ego or a player.

Psychodrama has been recently introduced into group therapy to delinquent boys in Tokyo Juvenile Detention and Classification Home. This study was reported from the data of forty-eight sessions of the therapy from November ’62 to August ’63.

The main task of this study is to describe their responses to psychodrama and to abstract such functions of it as operate in these group works of delinquent boys.

The records were made on paper as memorandum by the therapists and sometime on tape all through the session. No test was used.

Subjects, Grouping, Process of the group work.

In Tokyo Juvenile Detention and Classification Home, boys who have been taken into such a Home for the first time are classified into three groups according to the degree of their emotional or character disorderliness and delinquency. Our subjects were picked up from the slightest group among three at random but restriced about age and I. Q.. One hundred and fifteen boys took place in the therapy for this period. The age was from fifteen to nineteen years, average seventeen point six; the I. Q. was from seventy-five to one hundred and and nineteen, average ninety-three point three; the frequency of participation was from once to six times, average two point five.

A group consisted of about six boys and one or two therapists. The group therapy was held once or twice a week. In the group conversation was led non-directively and dramas were put in whenever the therapist felt it as the chance.

Description of their action and abstraction of the functions of psychodrama.

Their behavior in the therapy was recorded and discussed between the therapists in such points of view as spontaneity, manner of role playing, development of human relations in drama, and it was infered how psychodrama operated behind their behavior.

Thus records of every sessions were made. In them functions regarded as essential were abstructed and classified as followings:

1 Change from self-centered cogntiton to relation-centered one. An example out of six sub-categories;

When two-men-relation is played, they become to accept that phase of real community as it is which may be uncomfortable to them but may not be improved immediately, and get such self understanding that they should respond to the situation selectively.

2 Experiencing to act in drama.

An example out of five sub-categories;

Knowledge about some social resources are vividly put in practice in role playing.

3 The opposite relationship against authorities gets loose.

An example out of two sub-categories;

When the therapist participates in a drama taking a role, or lets the members do so giving them some roles, the degree of the slope from the authority to them gets loose, and the frame of reference and the feeling of the therapist or community can be expressed, and accepted by them, then the drama can be stimulated to develop, problem solving checked not to be easy-going and the focus of the problem cleared.

Conclusion

Thus we can expect psychodrama to help delinquent boys to adjust socially. It is hoped that further study about techniques of psychodrama to them and methods to abstract and measure the operation of psychodrama is to be promoted by this infant study.

It has been considered generally that the sexual crimes are committed mostly by the mental deficiency or the abnormal persons as psychopath and psychosis.

But following to the researches in the correctional institution and to the reports of the parole activities, we have some different information about this fact.

Then, going to survey the psychological characteristics of the inmate of the sexual offender by summarizing the result of some tests, the Rorschach technique, Picture-Frustration Study, and Yatabe-Guilford Personality Inventry, etc., we prepared the new design as follow.

Method

Twenty one inmates were chosen at random for this research. Average age; 25 years. Av IQ; 88.5. all of them took three tests, Y-G Personality Inventry, Rorschach test, Sentence Completion Test. The procedure of Rorschach technique was quite same as Klopfer’s. Picture-Frustration Study was added to fifteen subjects of all.

Discussion

Regerding to the result of the each test, we can show some charactereristics or the problem of their personality based on the individual data.

However, individual significant characteristics of the sexual offender disappered in the case of total average because of the opposition of each deviation.

Trying to find out the personality trends of the sexual offender, we intended to classify the some categories to which they belong. The Rorschach profile was adopted to make some categories mentioned above. As a result, three groups of category came out of whole subjects, the first one is the group to which the impulsive and the weak to control acting out behavior belong, the second one consist of the suppressive subjects, the last one is the group to which those who have the mental dificiency belong.

Besides, the case study was added to; one case was chosen from each group.

It is expected in future that the more and more research like this have to be done to prove these findings reliable.

81 boys (14–19years old) of deviant sexual behavior were investigated in T & S Family Court.

Boys were divided in eight types, transvestic(6), fetish(24), scopophilic(6), exhibitionic(3), sadistic(2), paedophilic(15), erotic(22), and the others(3),

Result as follows:

There were no relations between behavior types and environmental condition (family relations, socio-economic status, family problems, etc.), or degree of sexual growth, while there were a little relations between behavior types and ages, and motivations.

As for ages, a half of them were 14-15 years old. Many scophilic were young, though statistically these distributions of ages were not significant.

Age distributions of exhibitionic and erotic ran parallel with degree of sexual growth.

As for motivations, each type had peculiar motives or impulses.

Character of boys inclined to passive type, and 2/3 boys were students.

Among psychological tests, Rorschach test showed some suggestive results. Especially in its content analysis, appearance rates of responses about phallic symbols (50%), feminine symbols (75%) and usual anatomy responses (58%) were conspicuous.

Among whole samples, 67 boys followed up for seven month or ever, and we had 16 second offenders (23.9%). 15/16 of the second offenders had had experiances of behavior disorders before the first offence; 11/16 had family problems or/and careers of maldiscipline. Most of second offenders had active character, became violent ones. Suggestively, 2 epileptics repeated deviant sexual offences again.