1. There have been many theories and methods on the problems of diagnosis, therapy and prevention of eriminals (delimquents).

The social-psychological approach to these problems has been considered as one of the synthetic studies, because any crime (deliquency) is a social action produced by human relations, and should not be called “crime (delinquency)” if not sanctioned as illegal or anti-social by people. In other words, problemes of crime (delinquency) must be considered in terms of the personal, social and cultural conditions.

In this paper, especially, the problem of crime (delinquency) patterns and their developements in childhood were taken up. Subjects used in this study are 80 juvenile delinquents (offenders).

1. In the case of adjustment type to parents’ anti-social value-standard, we can find the pure case in whilch child’s crime pattern is similer to his parents’ one. When his affectional relationships with his parents are strong, his home is isolated from outer community because of its anti-social value-standard and has the social channel to the anti-social system of community, there seems to be high possibility of developement of such a pure case.

In the case of adjustment or maladjustment type to parents’ ambivalent value-standard, the degree of similarlity of child’s crime to his parens’ anti-social value is highest in the “violence pattern,” middle in the “fraud” lowest in the “secret” (mainly larceny). But this order of similarity would be different according to the macroscopic change of social conditions or the difference of community.

In some cases, the anti-sodial value-standard in home is not necessarily reflected in child’s crime (delinquency) in the beginning, but survive to be effective upon the later modification of crime pattern.

In the case of lack of anti-social value-standard in his home and maladjustment to his parental control, child’s crime pattern is usually determined mainly by factors in the street corner boys gang to which he approaches.

The Rorschach test using B. Klopfer’s method was administrated to one hundred and fourteen pre-school boys and we have been followed up these cases for the last nine years, in other words until they had finished their compulsory education. From these boys we selected thirty boys who committed delinquent acts during their middle school age and forty who didn’t commit any delinquent acts. The result of Rorschanch protocols could be divided into two groups. which coincided with the two groups of delinquents and non-delinquents. The results of statistical significance of variables are illustrated in Table 4 & 5.

By using the tables, we analysed and discussed the various facts of their personalities. We come to the following conclusions.

Those who were prone to commit delinquent acts were unstable and emotionally poor and also they were uncooperative in social relationships and less dependent. The delinquent boys had a low sense of imagination and had little self control. We found that the delinquent boys have some antisocial traits during their childhood.

Analysing the result of test variables, we made an “Early Prognostic Rating Scale of Delinquency”, which is illustrated in Table 6. From this scale we are able to distinguish future delinquents from nondelinquents.

Among 81 boys of deviant sexual behaivior, two epileptics, who had committed two offences of the same type, were analyzed.

One boy started his deviant behavior since when he had looked the cinema of war. The reason why the stimulus of war scene let him do sexual behavior was made clear by his free association under hypnotized state.

Another boy, who had EEG of sharp waves but no fit of epilepsy, was perused in Gindes’ Method under hypnotized state, but it seemed to me that his behavior has not so much clear reason.

Common feature of the two cases was persistent recommitments of offenses in spite of medical and legal dispositions

It has been considerd generally that the sexual offences are committed by the mental deficiency. The present study was desingned to investigate their actual circumstances, in order to treat such delinquents adequately.

The subjects in this study were 51 feeble minded boys who had committed sexual offences and have been detained in the Tokyo Medical Reform and Training School. They were divided into five types as follows: (1) rape by turns, (2) rape on adults by himself (victims were over 18 years old), (3) rape on girls by himself (victims were from 14 to 17 years old), (4) rape on children (victims were under 13 years old), (5) sexual deviations.

There is remarkable differences between “rape by turns” and “rape by himself” group. “Rape by turns” group have not committed so many delinquent behavior, and they are apt to do so-called “socialized delinquent behavior”. Their intelligence are rather high, and their physical functions are active. They have not so remarkable deviation in their charcter, and not so abnormal interest in the female, and they can cooperate with other people.

On the other hand, “rape by himself” group have many deviant characteristics. Their emotion and physical functions are immature. They have much interest in the female, but they could not express it in the moderate way. This tendency was remarkable in the “rape on children” and “sexual deviatidns” group.

Many people believe that most of sexual offences have good prognosis, but we must consider their type and content, and must treat them.

This study is an attempt to clarify the affects of juvenile delinquents and the relation to their parental figures.

Subjects: delinquent group - 50 Primary Reform and Training School boys (Mean age: 15 yrs. 7 mos, IQ: 97. 9, S. D. 12.49); control group - 50 Junior High School boys (Mean age: 14 yrs. 5 mos, IQ : 97.9, S. D.10. 93)

Methods: Elizur’s anxiety and hostility scores, Devos’ affective scores, and Phillip & Smith’s animal content analysis applied to their protocols.

Results: In the Elizur’s anxiety and hostility scores, no difference between both groups was found. In the major categories of Devos’ affective scores, positive feeling was shown significantly greater in nomal group than delinquent group (by means of t-test, p<0.02). In the subcategories, delinquent group had much more boys who showed Anxiety disgust responses (p<0.10, x²-test) than control group, but less boys who showed Positive recreation responses (p<0.05) and Positive striving responses (p<0.10).

In the animal content analysis by Phillip & Smith, delinquent group has much more boys who have passive, kind, mild and easily led mother figures (p.<0.02), passivity (p<0.05) and responses which suggested a painful and oppressive anticipation of unpleasantness (p<0.001).