The aim of this study is to analyze deterrent potentials of social sanctions-eight social sanctions including formal and informal sanctions-of crime and delinquency among youths. Subjects were second-grade junior high school boys and girls, second-grade senior high school boys and girls, and male and female college students.

The method of paired comparison was used. The subjects were given following instruction. “Suppose you have committed a serious crime and you will probably get following sanctions. Which is more painful for you?” Scale values were calculated by the method of composite standard. Scale values of each sanctions are shown in Fig. 1.

The main results are as follows:

1) In case of boys; “Being put into reform and training school or prison” is the most important deterrent in all these groups. “Sanction effecting interpersonal relationship with family” and “Difficulties in entrance into school of higher grade or getting desired employment” have also important deterrent effects.

“Sanction effecting interpersonal relationship with family” is especially important in junior high school boys, and “Difficulities in .....” takes important deterrent role in older age groups.

2) In case of girls; The ranking of eight sanctions is, broadly speaking, similar to that of boys. “Sanction concerning interpersonal relationship with classmates” is, however, more important in girls than in boys. On the contrary, “Difficulties in .....” is not so important in girls as in boys.

In my former article (1975), I considered sub areas of the emotion of “anger”, and it was then found that “anger” can be sub-divided into 20 areas.

In this article, I attempted to analyze the structure of “anger”. One hundred and fifty-four items were picked up from my former article. 28 N-items, 21 A-items and 105 del-items. N-item relates to those situations in which less than 25% of the subjects think they would be provoked. A-item relates to those situations in which over 75% of the subjects think they would be provoked. Del-item relates to those situations about which the answers of the delinquent group are different from those of the control group, and in which anger is more easily provoked in delinqents than in controls. Those differences between delinquents and controls were statistically significant. As in the former article, in regard to each item on the questionaire, 100 male students and 90 female students were asked to put a circle if they think they would feel angry in that specific situation, and if not, X. The above data were factor-analyzed and 7 factors were extracted.

Factor 1. Simple anger which is aroused in relation with other peop1e.

Factor 2. Indefinable frustration.

Factor 3. Immature judgment based on childish moral sense.

Factor 4. Inertia and sense of alienation.

Factor 5. Grievances against the family circumstances and feeling of despaire at the contradiction of society.

Factor 6. A sort of anger which, though hardly provoked in ordinary people, is provoked in delinquents if provoked at all.

Factor 7. Sense of injury done to himself which cannot be understood by other people.