The purpose of this study was to clarify the prevalence and characteristics of groups with co-occurring drug use disorder and alcohol use disorder (the Co-AL group) or gambling disorder (the Co-GA group) among inmates imprisoned for Stimulants Control Act violations. We examined 699 inmates admitted to prison in Japan for Stimulant Drug Control Law violations. The results revealed three main findings: 1) More than 30％ of the total sample had co-occurrence of drug use disorder and other addictions. 2) The Co-AL group had a higher rate of experiencing repetitive overeating and deliberate self-harm behaviors, and a higher rate of complications involving mental illness compared with the other three groups. 3) While the Co-GA group exhibited fewer mental and physical problems, it contained a higher percentage of individuals who had committed other crimes compared with the other three groups.

Among sex crime victims, male victims have not received the same degree of recognition. This study examines the support a male sex crime victim received until the end of the trial. Firstly, psychological reactions often seen in female victims, such as intrusive memories, avoidance, and hypervigilance were observed. The victim’s psychological response was characterized by the worry about being perceived as gay. Additionally, as the perpetrator was an acquaintance, his relationship with other male acquaintances was undermined by the suspicion that he might also be assaulted by them. This suggested it may be more difficult for him to receive support due to his impaired relationship with men and social isolation. The trigger which allowed the male victim to face his trauma was anger against the perpetrator. The victim was able to express his emotion of anger in a legal and healthy manner in the form of a statement. After this, his relationships with other men and daily life recovered. This suggests that when providing support for male sex crime victim, it is necessary to both provide psychoeducation regarding male gender identity and help them think of ways to express their anger toward the perpetrator in a legal and healthy manner.

The Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD) concept can provide useful information for preventing juvenile delinquency and its aggravation. However, Japan has seen few quantitative studies. For the first time in Japan, we examined ODD using item response theory and clarified its relationship with various problem behaviors. Juveniles detained in juvenile classification homes were asked for retrospective self-report of ODD symptoms in elementary school. The reliability coefficient was calculated for valid responses (N＝1628, Mean Age＝16.8; α＝.86, ω＝.90). Item response theory revealed moderate discriminating power for each symptom item. No gender or age differences were detected in differential functioning. Regarding the validity of the latent trait θ of ODD (ODDθ), when child independence support facility history was used as an index, AUC＝.70, and discrimination accuracy was moderate. ODDθ was superior to the number of symptoms in terms of discrimination accuracy. Conduct Disorder (CD) was significantly positively correlated with ODDθ (r＝.44). In age of onset CD subtypes, mean ODDθ was significantly higher in the order of childhood-onset＞adolescent-onset＞CD-negative. Callous-unemotional traits were significantly positively correlated with ODDθ (r＝.27). ODDθ was significantly associated with dangerous driving, domestic violence, suicide attempts, and bullying victims.