The purpose of this study was to examine differences in the effectiveness of different treatment plans on the amphetamine use relapse risk of reoffending prisoners. This was evaluated using a cognitive behavioral group therapy (CBGT) program, self-help meeting (SHM) program, and waiting list (WL) control. Nineteen participants received the CBGT program. Ten participants received the SHM program. The WL group consisted of prisoners waiting for treatment (n=23).The Correctional Stimulant Relapse Risk Scale (Yamamoto et al., 2011) was completed twice (pre and post) by the participants during the treatment program or at three months. The results revealed that “lack of negative expectancy for drug use” improved significantly more in the CBGT group than in the other groups. Particularly, in CBGT group lower age individuals and lower reoffending individuals showed highly improved “lack of negative expectancy for drug use.” On the other hand, in SHM group, lower IQ showed highly improved “lack of negative expectancy for drug use.” Thus, it is important that reoffending prisoners with substance abuse were classified according to assessments of age, reoffending history, and IQ as either CBGT or SHM program.

Japanese previous research emphasized that bullying behaviors/victimization were easily changeable into non-bullying behaviors/non-victimization in a short time. On the other hand, previous research in the United States and other western countries emphasized that bullying behaviors/victimization were stable over time. Then in this study we examined the effects of bullying behaviors/victimization on subsequent bullying/victimization, using 118 Japanese college students' two-wave and three-month interval longitudinal data. Multiple-regression analyses revealed that, after controlling the effects of confounding factors, the effect of bullying behaviors on subsequent ones was significantly positive but small (b* (standard partial regression coefficient)=.24, 95%CL [.05, .43] for all students).The models also revealed that the effect of victimization on subsequent one was significantly positive and large (b*=.45, 95%CL [.29, .65] for the 2nd grade; b*=.74, 95%CL [.56, .97] for the 3rd grade).Based on these results, we concluded that bullying behaviors were weakly stable and that victimization was strongly stable. These results were discussed in terms of uncertainty of victimization.

Referring to the threatened egotism model of Baumeister et al. (1996), the purpose of this study was to examine the process of anger-out through the decrease of self-esteem and the state of anxiety. A self-report questionnaire was administered to 286 participants (118 males, 168 females, mean age 19.89 years). The result of the virtual situation where the subject him/herself was negatively evaluated in the presence of others indicated that (a) the state-anger, which directly influenced the anger-out as well as the anger control and the anger-in, was positively influenced by the state-anxiety, (b) the decrease of self-esteem influenced the increase of state-anxiety, (c) the state-anxiety positively affected both the anger control and the anger-in while the state-anger negatively affected the anger control, and (d) the anger-in positively impacted the anger-out.