The Japanese Journal of Developmental Psychology

Development of Infants' Responses during Interactions with Mothers : The Transition from Dyadic to Triadic Interactions

Michiru TSUKADA

Article type: Article
2001 Volume 12 Issue 1 Pages 1-11
Published: April 20, 2001
Released on J-STAGE: July 20, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11201/jjdp.12.1

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This research examined the developmental progression from dyadic to triadic interaction, focusing on infants' coordination of their attention between a social partner and an object of mutual interest, and with emotional expression. In interactions of the mothers and 7-12 month old babies, 7 mother-infant pairs were observed in natural settings. Three kinds of interactions (dyadic, triadic with coordination of attention, triadic without cordination) were examined from a microanalytic veiwpoint. From 9 months, most infants became capable of coordinating attention in relation to their mothers' showing of objects. Up until 12 months, infants were able to quickly coordinate their attention to the showing or giving of objects, and to express positive emotion contingent on mothers' behavior. The discussion focused on how dyadic interactions may be a transition to triadic interactions, and on how affective communication may continue to be used. Finally, it was pointed out that infants may not be responding intentionally to their mothers.

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The Effects of a Mother's Negative Feelings Toward Her Child on the Mother-Child Relationship

Yukie SUGANO

Article type: Article
2001 Volume 12 Issue 1 Pages 12-23
Published: April 20, 2001
Released on J-STAGE: July 20, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11201/jjdp.12.12

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This study examined the positive effects of mother's negative feelings toward children on the mother-child relationship. Mothers (N=25) were interviewed about times when they felt negatively towards their children. Narrative accounts were analyzed for their contents, and for accountings mothers gave about negative feelings. Mothers reported that negative feelings emerged when children were disobedient on an everyday task or when there was a change in children's behavior. In addition, the negative feelings reflected on maternal child-rearing styles and the children's growth. Two different patterns depended on the existence of a task as follows. When given a task, mothers tended to perform their own way, whereas mothers were more lenient with their children if a task was not given to them. These two different patterns of reflection resulted in a counterbalancing mechanism in the mother-child relationship.

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An Ethological Analysis of Individual Characteristics, Dyadic Relationships, and Dominance Hierarchy in a Group of Three-and Four-Year Old Boys

Wen-huei HSIEH, Akira YAMAZAKI

Article type: Article
2001 Volume 12 Issue 1 Pages 24-35
Published: April 20, 2001
Released on J-STAGE: July 20, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11201/jjdp.12.24

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This research evaluated the relations between individual behavioral characteristics, dyadic relationships, and the dominance hierarchy, in a 9-member friendship group of preschool boys. The behavior and dominance relationships of each boy as paired with each group member were measured, as observed during free play over a two-month period. The average dominance score for each pair was correlated with measures of cohesiveness, harmony, control, responsiveness, self-disclosure, and coordinated play. Group activities generally centered mainly on the most dominant boys. There was a linear relation within the observed group for dominance, with the most dominant child in the group showing considerably more affiliation and harmonious interaction with his group members, as well as the most control behavior. In contrast, the second dominant child showed diverse behavior in affiliation and harmony with other group members. Control behavior also was evident between children ranking lower in dominance. The results showed that among the 3- and 4- year old boys, individual characteristics and dyadic relationships were both related to their group's dominance hierarchy.

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Affect Label Comprehension and Facial Expression Interpretation in 2- to 4-Year Olds : A Developmental Study

Kyoko SAKURABA, Satoshi IMAIZUMI

Article type: Article
2001 Volume 12 Issue 1 Pages 36-45
Published: April 20, 2001
Released on J-STAGE: July 20, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11201/jjdp.12.36

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Two affective tasks were performed by 2-, 3- and 4-year olds (N-134) to measure their ability to understand labels of emotions and to discriminate facial expressions. On a label-to-face matching task, children were given an emotion label and asked to select the one of 4 pictures (representing happiness, sadness, anger and surprise) corresponding to the emotion label. On the face-to-face matching task, children were given a photograph of a baby and asked to select one picture matching the emotion of the baby. Although the percentages of correct matching increased with age on both tasks, performance by all age groups on the label-to-face matching task was significantly better than on the face-to-face matching task. For the face-to-face matching task, children tended to select a picture with a mouth shape and other features similar to that in the presented photograph, regardless of the emotion, and this resulted in a lower matching rate. Label-to-face matching was easier than face-to-face matching even for 2-year olds, suggesting that a cognitive connection between emotional labels and facial expressions had emerged by age 2.

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The Influence of Adult Mother-Daughter Relationships on Daughters' Psychological Well-Being : Life Events of Marriage and Childbearing

Kotomi KITAMURA, Takashi MUTO

Article type: Article
2001 Volume 12 Issue 1 Pages 46-57
Published: April 20, 2001
Released on J-STAGE: July 20, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11201/jjdp.12.46

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This investigation concerned the relationship between the quality of adult daughters' experiences and current relationships with their mothers, and indices of daughter's well-being (life satisfaction and depressive symptoms). A cross-sectional sample of 415 daughters (single; or married with or without children) completed questionnaires. The results showed that married and unemployed daughters felt closer to their mothers than did unmarried or employed daughters. The association between the quality of daughters' relationships with their mothers and their psychological well-being depended on daughter's marital, parental and employment status. Among unmarried daughters, a close mother-daughter relationship was associated with reports of high life satisfaction and lack of depressive symptoms. The relationship between mother-daughter closeness and depressive symtoms among married daughters was found only for unemployed women. Excessive care seeking and care giving to their mother had a significant negative association with the psychological well-being of married daughters without children, whether or not they were employed.

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[title in Japanese]

Shunya SOGON

Article type: Article
2001 Volume 12 Issue 1 Pages 58-60
Published: April 20, 2001
Released on J-STAGE: July 20, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11201/jjdp.12.58

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[title in Japanese]

Kazuo HONGO

Article type: Article
2001 Volume 12 Issue 1 Pages 60-62
Published: April 20, 2001
Released on J-STAGE: July 20, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11201/jjdp.12.60

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[title in Japanese]

Yasuhiro OMI

Article type: Article
2001 Volume 12 Issue 1 Pages 62-65
Published: April 20, 2001
Released on J-STAGE: July 20, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11201/jjdp.12.62

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[title in Japanese]

Article type: Appendix
2001 Volume 12 Issue 1 Pages 65-
Published: April 20, 2001
Released on J-STAGE: July 20, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11201/jjdp.12.65

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