The Japanese Journal of Developmental Psychology

[title in Japanese]

[in Japanese]

Article type: Article
1997 Volume 8 Issue 1 Pages 1-
Published: April 30, 1997
Released on J-STAGE: July 20, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11201/jjdp.8.1

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The Relationshio Between Spatial Ability and Gender Stereotypes in Fourth-, Sixth-, and Eighth Grade Children.

Yoshiaki Tekeuchi

Article type: Article
1997 Volume 8 Issue 1 Pages 3-14
Published: April 30, 1997
Released on J-STAGE: July 20, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11201/jjdp.8.3

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This study examined the relationship between spatial ability and gender-stereotyped psychosocial variables, in late childhood and early adolescence. Fourth-, 6th-, and 8th graders performed 2 spatial tasks, and completed self-reports including sextyped personality scales and a spatial activity scale. The main results were as follows. First, while both spatial tasks were related to gender-stereo-typed variables for males, only one task with low typicality was related to gender stereotypes for females. Second, especially among females, 2 variables which had been found in previous American studies were also related here to spatial ability. Third, there was no relationship between spatial ability and self-reported maturity level. The discussion concerned the mediating role of different variables with regard to spatial ability.

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The Relationship between Career Decision-Making Self-Efficacy and Career Decision Behavior in Undergaduates.

Hiroki Tomiyasu

Article type: Article
1997 Volume 8 Issue 1 Pages 15-25
Published: April 30, 1997
Released on J-STAGE: July 20, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11201/jjdp.8.15

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The present study investigated the relationship between career decision-making self-efficacy and career decision-making behavior in undergraduates. Study 1 was designed to construct the Career Decision-Making Self-Efficacy Scale for Undergraduates in Japan (CDMSE-U:J), referring to the study of Taylor, & Betz (1983). 371 subjcts were administrated the CDMSE-U:J, the GSES (GENERAL SELF-EFFICACY SCALE) (Sakano, & Tojo, 1986) and 10 items of the career decision-making behavior. By factor analysis, 5 factors were ditected. The reliabiliy coefficient using by the split-half method was .97. Regarding the concurrent validity, correlation between the CDMSE-U:J and the GSES was significant (r=.46). Regarding the construct validity, significant relationships between the CDMSE-U:J and 9 career decision-making behaviors were obtained. In Study 2, 87 subjcts were administrated CDMSE-U:J in May, and questionaire of real career decision-making behaviors in December. As a result, significant relationships between total scores on CDMSE-U:J and 7 real career decision-making behaviors were obtained.

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Inhibitory Function in Elderly Adults.

Noriaki Tsuchida

Article type: Article
1997 Volume 8 Issue 1 Pages 26-33
Published: April 30, 1997
Released on J-STAGE: July 20, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11201/jjdp.8.26

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This study examined inhibitory function of normal and healthy elderly adults between the ages of 69 to 90. The tasks were adapted from the experimental procedures of Luria's studies of behavior regulation. The results of Experiment 1 were as follows. First, there was no evidence that elderly adults experienced a decline in inhibitory functions. When participants saw both a target stimulus and a distracting stimulus, their response to the distracting stimulus was suppressed. However, one the inhibitory function was activated, it had the opposite effects on the function to start the reaction. Experiment 2 confirmed the findings of the first experiment. By making a comparison with studies of negative priming, this paper explored the characteristic features of the inhibitory function in elderly adults.

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Smiling and Laughter among the Elderly : Effects of Age and Cognitive Ability.

Chiaki Ura, Naomi Yatomi

Article type: Article
1997 Volume 8 Issue 1 Pages 34-41
Published: April 30, 1997
Released on J-STAGE: July 20, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11201/jjdp.8.34

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This study examined the effects of age and cognitive ability on the duration, intensity, and frequency of smiling and laughter among 54 elderly adults. Subjects were over sixty years of age and utilized community welfare centers. In the experiment, they viewed two humorous stimuli on video and their facial expressions were videotaped. The subjects rated the enjoyability of each stimulus immediately after the presentation. Finally, they completed a picture arrangement task to assess the cognitive ability. The results showed that the cognitive ability had no significant effect on duration, intensity, and frequency of smiling. Compared with the younger group, the older group tended to smile more faintly toward the stimulus in which the context developed rapidly. Interestingly, the incongruity was found between smiling expressions and subjective emotional experiences. In addition, a half of the subjects smiled only slightly and some tended to keep their smiles once they began to express them. Moderation and preservation may be characteristics of smiling expressions among the elderly.

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A Developmental Study of Wordplay in Preschool Children : The Japanese Game of "Shiritori".

Noboru Takahashi

Article type: Article
1997 Volume 8 Issue 1 Pages 42-52
Published: April 30, 1997
Released on J-STAGE: July 20, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11201/jjdp.8.42

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This paper reports 3 experiments about how Japanese preschool children play one of their favorite word games, "shiritori" (cap verses). It also concerned the relationship of shiritori to phonological awareness and reading kana syllabary scripts. Experiment 1 and 2 indicated that two kinds of phonological processing ability are needed to play shiritori without adults' help : (1) isolating the last syllable of a word and (2) retrieving words that begin with a specific syllable. The results do not mean that children have good vocabulary, but rather that they need to recompile their mental lexicon that has a sound index. Experiment 3 showed that there are close interrelationships among shiritori, reading of kana script, and phonological awareness. It also indicated that children who have insufficient phonological processing abilities can participate in shiritori activity with adults' help. It was concluded that children begin to participate in word play activity peripherally, and that helps them to refine their phonological awareness which benefits them to learn to read kana script.

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A Study of Variation in the Developmental Quotient (DQ) of Mentally Retarded Preschool Children.

Junko Seto, Etsuko Hatano

Article type: Article
1997 Volume 8 Issue 1 Pages 53-64
Published: April 30, 1997
Released on J-STAGE: July 20, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11201/jjdp.8.53

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This longitudinal study examined the developmental quotient (DQ) of 124 mentally retarded childen between the ages of 2 and 6. The main findings included the following. There were 4 types of DQ curves : "upward," "flat," "up-and-down," and "downward." Second, 59% of the children showed more than a 15 point DQ change over time. The down ward tendency of DQ was mainly found from age 2, and the up ward pattern was apparent from 3 years of age. In some cases, DQ changed rapidly in the short term. This suggests that there is a period when development is delayed because of difficulty in acquiring some mental skills, and that growth accelerates once the skills are attained. Such periods differed from each other and depended on the child's developmental level. Finally, in several cases, variations in DQ were affected by childrearing circumstances. Apparently, the careful arrangement of the environment is essential for the development of mentally retarded children.

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[title in Japanese]

[in Japanese]

Article type: Article
1997 Volume 8 Issue 1 Pages 65-
Published: April 30, 1997
Released on J-STAGE: July 20, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11201/jjdp.8.65_1

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[title in Japanese]

[in Japanese]

Article type: Article
1997 Volume 8 Issue 1 Pages 65-67
Published: April 30, 1997
Released on J-STAGE: July 20, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11201/jjdp.8.65_2

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[title in Japanese]

[in Japanese]

Article type: Article
1997 Volume 8 Issue 1 Pages 67-69
Published: April 30, 1997
Released on J-STAGE: July 20, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11201/jjdp.8.67

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[title in Japanese]

[in Japanese]

Article type: Article
1997 Volume 8 Issue 1 Pages 69-71
Published: April 30, 1997
Released on J-STAGE: July 20, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11201/jjdp.8.69

JOURNAL FREE ACCESS

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