The goal of this research was to understand why younger children are less likely to affirm freedom of speech than are older children, adolescents or college students. In Study I, 4th, 6th, 8th, and llth graders, and college students (N=176) made judgments about the legitimacy of laws prohibiting freedom of speech. With age, participants' mode of reasoning changed from focusing on the contents of speech, to a balance between speech contents and freedom, and then to a focus on the rights of the listener. Differences in mode of reasoning were associated with levels of support for freedom of speech, even after controlling for grade level. Participants in Study n were 4th, 6th, 8th, 10th, and llth graders (N=127). With age, participants tended to recognize freedom of speech as a social value, to rate the influence of listeners as weak, and to rate contents of speech as not serious. The association between these ratings and levels of support for freedom of speech varied according to the domain of the speech contents.
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