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Volume 32 (1991)
- Issue 4 Pages 343-
- Issue 3 Pages 255-
- Issue 2 Pages 170-
- Issue 1 Pages 1-
Volume 32, Issue 2
Displaying 1-11 of 11 articles from this issue
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Yukie Ikeda, Tomoko Satoh1991 Volume 32 Issue 2 Pages 170-177
Published: April 25, 1991
Released on J-STAGE: June 22, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe purpose of this study was to clarify the voluntary movement characteristics of children with mental retardation by applying the Developmental Voluntary Movement Test (DVMT) which was developed by Tanaka (1989) . The subjects were 36 children with mental retardation who were attending a special school for mentally retarded. They were individually tested by means of the Developmental Voluntary Movement Test at school.
Results showed that DVMT scores correlated with Mental Age but not with Chronological Age, and subjects who had a higher DVMT score tended to walk at an earlier age. The mental age at which 90% of the retarded children acquired in the sub-category items was compared with that of normal children. The retarded children demonstrated the most difficulties in the facial-oral category.View full abstractDownload PDF (906K) -
Keiko Okazaki, Fumio Ohkubo, Masako Kato, Takuya Onizuka, Masahiro Hay ...1991 Volume 32 Issue 2 Pages 178-184
Published: April 25, 1991
Released on J-STAGE: June 22, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTen children (6 boys, 4 girls) with unilateral cleft lip and palate underwent a one-stage repair procedure at the age of 3-4 months at the Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery of Showa University in 1985-6. The speech of this early operative group was compared with that of a group of 48 children with unilateral cleft lip and palate (reference group) who received an operation for cleft lip at the same age of 3-4 months and a separate operation for cleft palate at 11-17 months.
(1) Good velopharyngeal closure function was found in 100% and 92% of the cases of the early operative and reference groups, respectively.
(2) Articulation was normal in all cases in the early operative group, whereas articulation disorders were present in 26 cases (54%) of the reference group.
(3) The age at which articulation of /p, t, k, t∫, ∫, s/ was mastered was earlier in the early operative group than in the reference group, with the exception of /k/, and was virtually the same as that of normal children.
(4) The mean age at which words were first spoken and 2-word phrases first uttered was earlier in the early operative group than in the reference group.
The above results indicate that early operative repair is useful from the point of view of speech development.View full abstractDownload PDF (898K) -
Tadashi Koyama1991 Volume 32 Issue 2 Pages 185-197
Published: April 25, 1991
Released on J-STAGE: June 22, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWe conducted a longitudinal study of intentional communication and cognitive prerequisites for mentally retarded infants. A total of 27 cases were observed for their intentional communicative acts in daily care settings. The items in cognitive-adaptive scale of The Kyoto Scale of Psychological Development were used for the evaluating development of cognitive and manipulative behavior when the new intentional communicative act emerged in each case. With those data, we searched for cognitive prerequisites for actions used in intentional communication.
The cases were divided into five groups according to the main act used in intentional communication. We examined and classified items in cognitive-adaptive scale by the criterion of whether or not all subjects passed in each group.
We also analyzed the cognitive prerequisites for the acts used for intentional communication in the process of language acquisition. The results were as follows :
1. Reaching and grasping objects, paying attention to two objects, knowing the relationship between two objects, using the secondary circular reactions and understanding the system of indices preceded the emergence of intentional communicative acts such as looking at an adult while making an effort to reaching the goal, vocalizations and alternating eye contact between the goal and adults.
2. By the time the emergence of communication by taking hands of an adult and pushing it to the goal, showing, giving and pointing behavior, several cognitive behaviors (such as the attainment of object permanence, understanding of means-ends relations, using tertiary circular reactions, unsuccessful inferior scissors grasping and approaching a pellet with the index finger) were developed. And the ability of putting things into a container was prerequisite for development of pointing behavior.
3. The development of representation, conventional use of objects, exploration for objects with the index finger, attempts to build cube towers and undestanding the goal of tasks and persisting with them preceded the intentional communication with using words.View full abstractDownload PDF (1972K) -
André Muller1991 Volume 32 Issue 2 Pages 198-202
Published: April 25, 1991
Released on J-STAGE: June 22, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAdequate treatment of Cleft palate is of great importance for those who suffer from such malformations. Their relationship toward their environment is affected by several aspects : speech, audition, mimic disorders, aesthetical appearance.
The treatment is the duty of a multidisciplinary team working together in close collaboration.
Hearing impairment is very frequent by CP children due to tube dysfunction in relation to the velum malformation.
Considering the pathophysiological conditions, it is now generally recommended to correct every kind of anatomical malformation as soon as possible : early surgery allows the child to develop and acquire a normal phonological system at normal age. It permits an early functioning of velopharyngeal closure with better tube function and an early developement of the speech articulatory system.View full abstractDownload PDF (645K) -
[in Japanese]1991 Volume 32 Issue 2 Pages 203-205
Published: April 25, 1991
Released on J-STAGE: June 22, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (465K) -
Yoshisato Tanaka1991 Volume 32 Issue 2 Pages 206-215
Published: April 25, 1991
Released on J-STAGE: June 22, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn order to examine auditory-cognitive and psychosocial correlates under-lying communicative problems in the hearing-impaired elderly, 71 hearing-impaired persons ranging from 65 to 100 years of age who visited the Tokyo Metropolitan Welfare Center for the Mentally and Physically Handicapped and nine severe hearing-impaired pupils of junior and senior high schools were selected. They were tested by a test battery including pure tone audiometry, the Monosyllable Discrimination Test and a auditory visual sentence test (“questions about you”) which was designed for the present study. In addition, the elderly persons and members of their family were asked to assess their communication handicap by themselves according to certain questions. Comparison of the results obtained from the elderly group and the pupils demonstrated that perceived benefits of amplification in the elderly are independent of monosyllable discrimination scores and rather depend on attitude of mind toward life.On the basis of conclusions directed from the present study the author discussed that for solution to the communicative problems of the hearing-impaired elderly, family members should be involved in adjustment by the hearing-impaired to a hearing aid. Human relation between the hearing-impaired elderly and members of their family are essentially the most important determinant for communication. The ability to communicate is vital importance of the quality of life. Therefor, the family members as well as the general public need to learn more about communicating with these people who need help.View full abstractDownload PDF (1221K) -
Aiko Takeuchi, Tadashi Takahasi, Masahiko Hagyu, Hiroshi Nonaka, Juro ...1991 Volume 32 Issue 2 Pages 216-226
Published: April 25, 1991
Released on J-STAGE: June 22, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn order to study nonverbal cognitive ability in severe aphasic patients, five nonverbal tasks (three associative and two visuo-spatial intelligence tests) were administered to 22 severe aphasics and two control groups including 10 moderate or mild aphasics and 14 demented patients. The results were as follows:
1) Severe aphasic group scored significantly lower on both the associative and the spatial intelligence tests than moderate or mild aphasic group. But compared with demented group, severe aphasic group was inferior in only the intelligence tests.
2) Significant correlations between the associative and the spatial intelligence tests were found in two aphasic groups, but not in demented group.
3) Among language subtests (modified version of S.L.T.A.), auditory and reading comprehensions had siginificant correlations with the associative tests, and writing and calculation with the spatial intelligence tests in all three groups.
4) Nonverbal defects were preferentially associated with global, severe Wernicke's, TCS and the most severe Broca's aphasics.
5) Among severe aphasics, patients with nonverbal defects were siginificantly inferior in reading comprehension and overall sore of language test to patients without nonverbal defects.
Based on these findings, nonverbal communication ability of severe aphasic patients is discussed.View full abstractDownload PDF (1459K) -
From the Clinical ViewpointHisako Monoi1991 Volume 32 Issue 2 Pages 227-234
Published: April 25, 1991
Released on J-STAGE: June 22, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA retrospective investigation was made of the communication disorders of 221 elderly patienst who had been admitted to the Department of Rehabilitation and been seen at the Speech Clinic of the Tokyo Metropolitan Geriatric Hospital during the period from 1985 to 1989. Among various communication disorders, the highest incidence was found in dysarthria (65%), followed by communication disorder in general intellectual deficit (51%) and aphasia (47%) .
The most strongly differentiating feature observed in those aphasic patients showing general intellectual deficit was that while performance levels in oral reading, repetition and confrontation naming were maintained as sufficiently as normals, performance level was lower in auditory and reading comprehension as well as writing. These findings suggest a similarity in preservation of phonological aspect and breakdown of semantic aspect between aphasic patients with general intellectual deficit and those with senile dementia.View full abstractDownload PDF (1067K) -
Toshiko S. Watamori1991 Volume 32 Issue 2 Pages 235-244
Published: April 25, 1991
Released on J-STAGE: June 22, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe therapeutic approach suitable for aged aphasic patients with possible complications such as poor health, reduced motivation and/or cognitive problems requires the following considerations: 1) use activities meaningful to the patient's everyday life; 2) value patient-initiated responses and maximize the patient's ability to express him/ herself regardless of the means used, and; 3) keep the therapy period in the clinical setting to the minimum duration required and emphasize a transition to community-based rehabilitation.
In this article, communication abilities relatively preserved in aphasic patients were reviewed and the communication-oriented approach suitable for aged aphasic patients was described. For aged aphasic patients, the ability to maintain communication with others in his/her environment should be regarded as the prime issue in terms of quality of life. As a countermeasure to population aging, we as speech pathologists should become more accommodated to this new communication-oriented approach which takes the characteristics of aged aphasic patients into consideration.View full abstractDownload PDF (1258K) -
1991 Volume 32 Issue 2 Pages 245
Published: 1991
Released on J-STAGE: June 22, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (86K) -
1991 Volume 32 Issue 2 Pages 249
Published: 1991
Released on J-STAGE: June 22, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (41K)
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