This paper provides an overview of contemporary health care challenges that include changing population demographics, communicable and non-communicable diseases and disasters. Directions for sustainable and affordable health care systems that prioritise preventative approaches to health care are presented. The pivotal position of nurses supporting the achievement of goals and targets set by the World Health Organization, Governments and health care authorities globally are examined. Nurses' roles in promoting health and wellbeing of individuals, groups,communities and whole populations that facilitate equitable access to health care at all levels and prevent unnecessary hospitalization are portrayed. Finally, the preparedness for nurses to support the primary health care agenda is discussed and recommendations offered to strengthen their involvement.
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