A normal year with an intercalary month—What does it mean? Such a curious year cannot theoretically exist. But the Drehem calendar could have such a year once in its short history. This article is devoted to the in all probability only one example of such a seemingly very curious phenomenon which did take place in the third regnal year of Šusin, the fourth king of the III Ur dynasty.
According to Drehem texts, years began either with the iti-maš-dà-kú month or with the iti-še-gur₁₀-ku₅. That we find two different systems of calendar in one and the same place, Drehem, has seriously disturbed many eminent Assyriologists as, for instance, F. Thureau-Dangin, H. de Genouillac, B. Landsberger. Of course this kind of coexistence cannot be true, because otherwise it must necessarily have brought inevitable confusions into all spheres of everday life and activities of those days. In fact, both of these two systems were not used simultaneously. One which began with the iti-maš-dà-kú month was used only in the years between the 39th regnal year of Šulgi and the third year of Šusin. On the contrary, the other system beginning with the iti-še-gur₁₀-ku₅ month and thus making the iti-maš-dà-kú month the second was not used until the fourth year of Šusin.
This change of the month with which years began leads us to the acceptable assumption that an amendment which made the iti-še-gur-ku₅ the first month must have taken place most probably at the end of the third year. If so, the iti-še-gur₁₀-ku₅ month as first month of the fourth year follows immediately after the month of the same name, i. e. another iti-še-gur₁₀-ku₅ which is the last month of the previous year. What happens, then? A very serious confusion in dating of administrative documents isn't to be avoided. I see a clear trace of scribes' endeavor to avoid such a not always inevitable confusion in their placing an intercalary month in the third year of Šusin.
This year has been, however, considered as an undoubtedly pure intercalary year by scholars with no single exception because of its having an intercalary month, i. e. iti-diri-ezem-^dme-ki-gál (-e-ús-sa) ‘an additional (month which follows the) month of the festival of me. ki. gál.’ If this is correct, then the year must have had not 12 but 13 months. But at end of some texts of the year man finds the following colophon: iti-maš-dà-kú-ta iti-diri-ezem-^dme-ki-gái (-e-ús-sa)-šè iti-12-kam. This indicates the absence of the month iti-še-gur₁₀-ku₅ in the year. The insertion of an intercalary month as a very substitute of the normal twelfth month iti-še-gur₁₀-ku₅ and instead the omission of the latter are, in my judgemet, a wise device in order to avoid the above-mentioned possible confusion.
How can we prove our assumption true? We find some referrences to some of Nippur festivals among Drehem texts. The ezem-gu₄-si-su festival after which the second month of the Nippur calendar, iti-gu₄-si-su, was named, was celebrated in this city in the second month and animal disbursement for it was recorded in Drehem texts of the iti-šeš-da-kú (in the years Šulgi 46, Amarsin 1, 3, 4, 7, Šusin 1, 2) and iti-maš-dà-kú (in Šusin 7). This shows us clearly that the second month of the Nippur calendar, iti-gu₄-si-su, corresponded to the iti-šeš-da-kú in the period before Šusin 3 and to the iti-maš-dà-kú since Šusin's fourth year. It means the amendment of the Drehem calendar took place in his

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Among the finds made by the Italian Archaeological Mission in Syria during its 1975 Campaign at Tell Mardikh after their 11 years' travail were found out in the Level of 24-23 century B. C. 15000 tablets to which they welcomed dancing for joy. Any text of all these tablets had not been published and still not available at the moment of this having been, writen but the very mentions of Paolo Matthiae, director of the Mission and G. Pettinato, a scholar of Sumerian language were sufficient to convince that the Mission has definitively proved the idintity of Ebla with Tell Mardikh in spite of a long dispute about the location of Ebla.
Thought many details can be clarified only by the study of the complete texts, thanks to the general reports of the tablets by the Italian Mission, a long argument on the location of mat Uršu or URU Uršu appeared in many ancient tablets and inscriptions in parallel with Ebla could have a good answer.
mat Uršu in its prosperous days should be located north of Syria, bordered on Maras, Gaziantep, Birecik and the eastern slopes of Mt. Amzanus.

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The revolt of Tegüder Oghul, whose name has been often misread as Nigüder, was a serious factor in the situation of war between Baraq Khan and Abaqa Khan in 1270.
Tegüder was a grand son of Chaghatai Khan and ason of Muji Yabah. He came to Iran with Hülegü leading a tümen of army selected from the ulus of Chagatai and settled himself in the Il-Khanid territory. His summer camp was in Ayrarat in Armenia and winter quater was in Nakhchivan on the river Aras. He received high respect from the Il-Khans as a member of the Chingizids.
In the summer of 1269 revolted against Abaqa Khan and forced himself in Gurjistan with the instigation of the Chaghataid Khan Baraq. Immediately Shiremün Noyan, who camped in the mountains of Artani, attacked and defeated his army and captured some of them. Tegüder fled into the Imeretian Kindom of Western Georgia and reorganized his troops there, then began subversive activites in central Georgia. In 1270, Shiremün was dispatched again and succeeded in the suppression and took him prisoner. He was deprived of his army and confined inthe Island of Shahi in the lake Urmiya. he was released and stayed in the Il-Khan's Ordo until death.
Iu the war of 1269-1270, he hold in check the main body of the Il-Khanid army in west Iran, so they did not depart from Azarbaijian for the front before his surrender.
Tegüder's defeat caused the dissolution of the Chaghataid army in Iran and strengthened the Hülegüid feature of Il-Khanid state. His short lived success of the revolt was due to the aids of Imeretien king Dimitri IV. We see native dynasties began to influence the poliical balance between Mongol antagonists.

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