Bulletin of the Society for Near Eastern Studies in Japan

The Rations (díw) in Deir el-Medineh

Shinichi AKIYAMA

1990 Volume 33 Issue 2 Pages 1-19
Published: 1990
Released on J-STAGE: March 12, 2010

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.5356/jorient.33.2_1

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Deir el-Medineh is one of the few ancient villages which have been preserved and our knowledge about the daily life in pharaonic Egypt comes to us mostly from this village. It housed the highly skilled craftsmen who were responsible for digging and decorating the kings' tombs, whose subsistence goods were supplied by the king. Then in this paper in order to understand better the condition under which the artisans lived, I focused on the rations of the workmen usually called “díw” consisted of supplies of grain, from which the two chief staples of Egyptian diet, bread and beer, were made.
In the beginning I tried to classified all the texts now available concerning “díw” so as to comprehend their real meaning and then I analysed all these texts to show 1) when 2) by whom 3) where from 4) to what extent 5) how much these rations were delivered.
There are two types of ration texts, first of which is the real type of grain ration and second of which is so-called turnus lists or Necropolis diary. In the second type of these documents the rations are described as a special mention and are not included detailed record of “díw”, so they have only secondary importance in so far as “díw” concerned.
In the course of research the abbreviated writing _??_ was to be turned out. It must be read ídní “to share”.
In studying these texts the “díw” was supplied by the hand of the scribe from the “htm”. The records of the day when the rations were made are varied. It is probable that the foremen and scribes received higher payments than other workmen. But the fact is nowhere near the supposition. These facts suggest that “díw” is a kind of salary or wages which was paid for their work, rather than rations.

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Muhammad 'Abduh in the Period of 'Urabi Movement

A Struggle for the Application of the Shari'ah

Masato IIZUKA

1990 Volume 33 Issue 2 Pages 20-35
Published: 1990
Released on J-STAGE: March 12, 2010

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.5356/jorient.33.2_20

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Muhammad 'Abduh (d. 1905), a famous religious reformer in the modern age, is known as one of the leading spirits of 'Urabi movement in his early days. But it was only after the resignation of the “reactionary” Cabinet of Riyad Pasha in September, 1881 that he participated in the movement. Until that time, as editor-in-chief of the Egyptian official gazette, al-Waqa'i' al-Misriyah, he thoroughly supported Riyad's Government and accused the movement of its. demand for radical reforms. Then, why did he change his attitude toward the movement immediately after its triumph over the “reactionary” regime?
The previous studies have concluded that 'Abduh participated in the movement in order that he might keep it away from any radical reforms, because he believed that it was only through a gradual reform or national education that Egypt could develop. But, in fact, since his participation in the movement, he recognized such radical reforms as the convention of the representative parliament by the new regime. This fact apparently contradicts the conclusion of the previous studies.
To understand his real intention behind his recognition of them, I have inquired into his articles written during this period, namely, “Ikhtilaf al-qawanin bi-ikhtilaf ahwal al-umam (Difference of the Laws according to Difference of the Circumstances of Communities)” and “Al-Shura wa'l-qanun (The Parliament and The Law)”, both contributed to al-Waqa'i' al-Misriyah. As a conclusion, I have pointed out that 'Abduh's idea of national education is closely connected with the application of the Shari'ah. And even after his recognition of the new regime, he never ceased to demand its application, while his request for national education was completely dropped. Actually, he believed that Egypt could not develop without its application and its respect by the whole nation.

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A Background of the Assassination of Abu 'Abd Allah al-Shi'i by the First Fatimid Caliph al-Mahdi

Takashi UHARA

1990 Volume 33 Issue 2 Pages 36-52
Published: 1990
Released on J-STAGE: March 12, 2010

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.5356/jorient.33.2_36

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Abu 'Abd Allah al-Shi'i is the virtual founder of the Fatimid state in North Africa, who propageted Isma'ilism among the Kutama Berbers, organized them, and overthrew the Sunni Aghlabids. After having established his power over Ifriqiyya, he marched towards Sijilmasa and liberated his master al-Mahdi, who had been confined to his house by the ruler there. Then Abu 'Abd Allah handed over the leadership to al-Mahdi and the latter proclaimed himself as Caliph. However al-Mahdi made Abu 'Abd Allah murdered soon after his accession to the throne. According to al-Nu'man's Iftitah al-Da'wa, the reason for this assassination was his intrigue against the Caliph. Yet the actual facts of this incident are obscure, because it is difficult to accept all the explanation given by al-Nu'man as true, since he wrote his book for the Fatimid dynasty.
Here I have considered a background of the assassination from a viewpoint of the organization of the al-Mahdi administration: al-Mahdi had already been surrounded by his own followers before he met Abu 'Abd Allah at Sijilmasa. And after his accession, al-Mahdi took many former officials of the Aghlabids into his service. Therefore, from the beginning of his administration, he had his own manpower independent of Abu 'Abd Allah. In order to establish his dictatorship, al-Mahdi had to kill his powerful servant, regardless of whether he had actually plotted a rebellion or not.

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Popular Revolution and the Preachers

Hiroshi KAGAYA

1990 Volume 33 Issue 2 Pages 53-64
Published: 1990
Released on J-STAGE: March 12, 2010

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.5356/jorient.33.2_53

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Delvlopment and Purose of Sporting Events during the Reign of Iran's Reza Shah

Keiko SAKURAI

1990 Volume 33 Issue 2 Pages 65-78
Published: 1990
Released on J-STAGE: March 12, 2010

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.5356/jorient.33.2_65

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Development of Concept of “Caliphate” in Islamic Law

Koh NAKATA

1990 Volume 33 Issue 2 Pages 79-95
Published: 1990
Released on J-STAGE: March 12, 2010

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.5356/jorient.33.2_79

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Khosh-neshin

Ryuichi HARA

1990 Volume 33 Issue 2 Pages 96-105
Published: 1990
Released on J-STAGE: March 12, 2010

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.5356/jorient.33.2_96

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A Brief Note on the “Sapitma Mezar”

Sumio FUJII

1990 Volume 33 Issue 2 Pages 106-116
Published: 1990
Released on J-STAGE: March 12, 2010

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.5356/jorient.33.2_106

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Historical Science Today in Tunisia

Hideyuki IO

1990 Volume 33 Issue 2 Pages 117-123
Published: 1990
Released on J-STAGE: March 12, 2010

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.5356/jorient.33.2_117

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The 33rd International Congress of Asian and North African Studies, Toronto, 1990

Hiroshi KAGAYA

1990 Volume 33 Issue 2 Pages 124-126
Published: 1990
Released on J-STAGE: March 12, 2010

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.5356/jorient.33.2_124

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The 17th International Congress of Historical Sciences in Madrid

Hiroshi KATO

1990 Volume 33 Issue 2 Pages 127-129
Published: 1990
Released on J-STAGE: March 12, 2010

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.5356/jorient.33.2_127

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Fifth International Colloquium on: From Jahiliyya to Islam: Aspects of Social, Cultural, and Religious History in the Period of Transition

Akira GOTO

1990 Volume 33 Issue 2 Pages 130-134
Published: 1990
Released on J-STAGE: March 12, 2010

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.5356/jorient.33.2_130

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Kazuhiko YOSHIDA, The Hittite Mediopassive Endings in -ri, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin·New york, 1990. XI+216pp.

Terumasa OSHIRO

1990 Volume 33 Issue 2 Pages 135-138
Published: 1990
Released on J-STAGE: March 12, 2010

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.5356/jorient.33.2_135

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The Periplus Maris Erythraei. Text with Introduction, Translation, and Commentary by Lionel Casson. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1989. xvii+320pp., 17 maps. (ISBN0-691-04060-5)

Yuzo SHITOMI

1990 Volume 33 Issue 2 Pages 139-145
Published: 1990
Released on J-STAGE: March 12, 2010

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.5356/jorient.33.2_139

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Robert Olson, The Emergence of Kurdish Nationalism and the Sheikh Said Rebellion, 1880-1925, the University of Texas Press, 1989, pp. 229

Kazuo TAKAHASHI

1990 Volume 33 Issue 2 Pages 146-148
Published: 1990
Released on J-STAGE: March 12, 2010

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.5356/jorient.33.2_146

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Robert S. P. Beekes, A Grammar of Gatha-Avestan.Leiden, Brill, 1988, xxii+242pp

Keigou NODA

1990 Volume 33 Issue 2 Pages 149-153
Published: 1990
Released on J-STAGE: March 12, 2010

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.5356/jorient.33.2_149

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[title in Japanese]

[in Japanese]

1990 Volume 33 Issue 2 Pages 154-157
Published: 1990
Released on J-STAGE: March 12, 2010

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.5356/jorient.33.2_154

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[title in Japanese]

1990 Volume 33 Issue 2 Pages 160-175
Published: 1990
Released on J-STAGE: March 12, 2010

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.5356/jorient.33.2_160

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