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Hiroshi KONNO
1985 Volume 2 Pages
1-12
Published: January 10, 1985
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Theory and Algorithms
Toshihiko MIYAGI
1985 Volume 2 Pages
13-28
Published: January 10, 1985
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Takao KATO, Shigenori SASAKI, Seigou TANAKA, Sinichi TAKEUCHI
1985 Volume 2 Pages
29-36
Published: January 10, 1985
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A multi-stages planning for road-improvement should be proceeded with in a preferential order of effect of the improved road on the functional uses, such as a traffic equipment and a open communityspace, and on the inductive action for changes of a land-use pattern in that area. The models maximizing the total effect during the multi-stages planning period have been developed by using operations research methods. They, however, may be difficult to be applied to actual planning situations because the large number of calculation steps cause considerable complexities in the model. The sequential method proposed here is composed of two parts: The first selects out some operational alternatives with a quantitative evaluation of effect of link-unit on the road-functional uses. The second gets an optimal solution through evaluating a network-effect of the selected alternatives.
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Osamu SHINOHARA
1985 Volume 2 Pages
37-44
Published: January 10, 1985
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There were seven plans of Shuto-Expressway. Yamada's 1938 plan was the firest one and the last 1959 authorized plan. These plans are analysed from following eight viewpoints by means of documents survey. a) purpose of the plan b) design concept and model c) route and network d) geometric design standard e) road formation f) proposed road site g) management subject h) townscape and structure design. As a result, charactaristics of these plans are pointed out and design consept relations are grasped clearly. Three common concepts in these plans are found out. 1) These plans set little importance on townscape of Tokyo except partial road formation and structure design. 2) The model was the expressways of American cities (ex. Chicago, Newyork) in any case. 3) The significance of circular rou to was not realized precisely.
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Shigeru Morichi, Tetsuo Yai, Tohru Tamura
1985 Volume 2 Pages
45-52
Published: January 10, 1985
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It is one decade since disaggregate modelling techniques have been developed. The disaggregate procedures could overcome somewhat of the dissatisfaction with conventional travel demand models. But none of the papers clarified how to produce O-D tables with disaggregate models. Every paper described only the estimation techniques or destination choice models.
It is the purpose of this paper to develop the methodology to estimate O-D tables with disaggregate destination choice models in the case that the person-trip survey data are available. The partial replacement of aggregate sequential model systems with disaggregate one is discussed.
This study contains three important issues; estimation techniques, aggregation methods and introduction of total control. An example of the application to Maebashi metropolitan area is focused in order to evaluate some of the features of the methodology.
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Shogo KAWAKAMI, Yasuhiro HIROBATA, Shoshi MIZOKAMI
1985 Volume 2 Pages
53-60
Published: January 10, 1985
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In this study, firstly we carried out empirical analyses on disaggregate models for mode-switching behavior by using traveler's intention data. Secondly, we developed a planning system of rail-feeder bus network, which incorporates the disaggregate models for mode-switching. As a result, the properties of disaggregate models for mode-switching were examined and applicability of the network planning system were tested.
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Chikae WATANABE
1985 Volume 2 Pages
61-68
Published: January 10, 1985
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In this paper the method for dividing the boundary of bus stop's territory is studied positively using the actual data. Under the condition that the fare is same in all bus stops. the boundary is determined as the total of following two elements;(a) the “basic boundary” being a boundary in case of no difference in bus running frequency, (b) the “space lag” caused by the difference in frequency. It came clear that the basic one is able to be calculated fairly exactly, if the time required to destination is already known. On the other hand, because there exists the corelation between lag and frequency, the lag can be estimated from the regression equation. Although this method is very simple, it is useful for judging the reason why the bus users concentrate to specific bus routes.
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Masamichi KIKUCHI, Mitsuyuki ASANO
1985 Volume 2 Pages
69-76
Published: January 10, 1985
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It's important to predict future travel demand correctly in urban transportation planning.
The forecast of Exogenous Variables, e. g. population, economic activity, and land use, is the first step of future travel demand forecasting process. But, we have been not necessarily interested the reliability of the estimated exogenous variables and their impacts on travel demand in future.
In this paper, the after study on the above mentioned subjects. was carried out through SENDAI Area Transportation Study, 1972.
As a result, the importance of exogenous variables in urban transportation planning is made sure, and the improvement points of forecasting method of these variables are suggested.
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Yoji KAWAKAMI, Zen'ichi OHTSUKA, Norio FUJIKURA
1985 Volume 2 Pages
77-84
Published: January 10, 1985
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Accessibility to a railway station offered by road network is a key factor which influences the distribution-change of population density in suburban area. On this recognition, first, we present a measure and method for evaluating road network in term of accessibility to a station. Second, the distribution-change of population density is formularized as a function of route distance to a station, and time.Third, the relationship between distribution-change of population density and road network patterns is analyzed.
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Yoshimitsu Matsuura, Michiyo Numada
1985 Volume 2 Pages
85-92
Published: January 10, 1985
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The aim of this study is to develop an estimation method of land area available for housing. In this study, the inhabitable land of every zone is regarded as consisting of land for transportation, government property, land for business use, and land available for housing. The relationship between the ratio of area by land use category and the density of employed persons at work area is analyzed. And the interrelationships among the following measures are theoretically developed. These measures are the residential area per capita, the business land area per employed person, the density of employed persons at work place and the density of population. And an estimation function of the land area available for housing is introduced. In this function, the land areas for transportation and for parks exogenously should be given.
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Masamitsu MORI, Hiroshi Tsukaguchi, Ibrahim MABROUK
1985 Volume 2 Pages
93-100
Published: January 10, 1985
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Loading facilities for freight vehicles are a basic part of the modern transportation system but so far they have not been regarded as of major importance in urban transportation planning. This have led to illegal on-street parking without proper discussion about where and how they should be done.
To make countermeasures, the authors clarified loading characteristics in Osaka based on the questionnaire and observation survey in several locations. Also, through the analysis, we suggested criteria that could be considered in formulating zoning codes to adress the problems of space requirements.
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Yasuyuki SASATANI
1985 Volume 2 Pages
101-107
Published: January 10, 1985
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The purpose of this study is to develop a method of outdoor psycological experiment, in order to classify and evaluate regional landscape, and to discuss the effect of this, compared with a experiment using photographies. In this experiment, I obliged 20 subjiects to tour 32 points which was illustrated on maps by bicycles, to choose multiple adjectives which was expressed landscape of each point, and to evaluate preference of this.
In order to classify landscape, I applied cluster analysis. of which variable is choice ratio of adjectives. As a experimental result, landscape was classified outdoors by space volume, and greenish landscape was evaluated accurately.Therefore, it was considerd that the experiment was effective so as to classify and evaluate landscape.
And I expect to use the method for the purpose of environmental education.
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A CASE STUDY ON GOLF COURSE DEVELOPMENTS
Katsumi TAKIZAWA, Kikuo TSUTSUMI, Ko TANIHIRA, Yasumasa FUJIWARA
1985 Volume 2 Pages
109-116
Published: January 10, 1985
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Taking thirty-two golf course development projects designed by the author group as samples, a statistical relationship between the volume of earthwork and the area of slope actually realized, on the one hand, and a set of indicators of pre-development terrain characteristics, on the other, is analysed by means of multiple-regression analysis. Result shows that the average gradient measured on twenty meter-bytwenty meter grids is their satisfactory estimator and therefore can be used as a convenient evaluator of a project site.
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Minoru YAMADA
1985 Volume 2 Pages
117-124
Published: January 10, 1985
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It is considered that the purpose of stop sign is not only to display the priority at intersection but also to make the vehicles to avoid dangerous behavior. This study discuss how to decrease such dangerous vehicles more effectively by the improvement of intersection.
The relationships between the behavior of vehicles and the variables belonging to intersection, such as sight distance or position of. stopping line, were clarified. Simulation model was built up to calculate the ratio of dangerous vehicles which should wait the passing of right-way vehicle and cannot stop up to the intersection.
Also some alternative safety programs were evaluated by this model for existing intersection.
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Noboru KIMATA
1985 Volume 2 Pages
125-132
Published: January 10, 1985
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We have developed a fire spreading simulation system based on Hamada and Fujita's models. In this paper, we try to verify the system as a information system for evacuation plannings in a strong earthquake.
First, we estimate factorial effects of main factors which effect the result of simulation by this system, using the L
16 table of orthogonal arrays, and show that “wind-velocity” has the biggest effect and “building-to-land-ratio” the secondary.
Next, we simulate the Fukumitsu Big Fire by this system and indicate that the system has a tendency to overestimate the leeward spreading of a fire and underestimate the windward spreading.
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Takeshi CHISHAKI, Youichi TAMURA
1985 Volume 2 Pages
133-140
Published: January 10, 1985
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A bunch size distribution models of traffic flow are proposed based on the distinction between leaders and followers in speed distribution. In analysis, a new probabilistic method is applied to decide bunching vehicles instead of usual method of using critical headway.
Then the bunch-speed distribution models are induced by the use of bunch size distribution model.
Consequently, these models can be obtained only by giving traffic volume. Models are also applied to observed data and those appropriateness are examined.
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Yasuji Makigami, Masachika Hayashi
1985 Volume 2 Pages
141-148
Published: January 10, 1985
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In almost all the big cities, traffic congestion occurs widely on their expressway networks. In order to cope with the situation, it is often required to make traffic surveys which cover a fairly long section of expressways. In this study, a mathematical method was developed to estimate the travel time along the long study section based on series of aerial photographs and traffic volume measurements on two or more road side video camera recordings makind use of three dimensional representation of traffic flow. The method was applied to the results of traffic surveys conducted on the Hanshin Expressway as well as the Meishin Expressway.
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Yasunori IIDA, Jun-ichi TAKAYAMA, Hideo YOKOYAMA
1985 Volume 2 Pages
149-156
Published: January 10, 1985
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This paper presents and discusses a traffic assignment method by simplifing network representation, in which the assignment calculation is performed alternately with the simplified network over the entire study area and with the detailed (or real life) network in each of the divided mesh area. The aims of developement of this method are to reduce the computation time in the assignment and to attain high accuracy in estimation results. It is concluded through some numerical examples that the estimation errors for the simplified entire network and for the detailed network in each mesh are not significant if the degree of congestion is high and the number of iterations in incremental assignment is large.
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Yasuo ASAKURA
1985 Volume 2 Pages
157-164
Published: January 10, 1985
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An optimal road network design model is formulated as a two level planning problem. It is interpretted as a two-person, planner and user of road, non-cooperative non-zero sum game. Master problem decides continuous link capacities so as to minimize the sum of total transportation cost and total link construction cost subject to link capacity constraints. Sub problem is user equilibrium traffic assignment problem, in which traffic congestion is explicitly involved. A heuristic solution procedure is proposed which is effective for convex performance function and link construction cost function. In the case of BPR-type performance function and linear cost function, model application is executed for the actual size of road network planning problem.
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Kozo AMANO, Hirofumi ABE
1985 Volume 2 Pages
165-172
Published: January 10, 1985
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The aim of this paper is to propose an Activity Location Model and to present an attempt at validation by applying it to the Osaka Metropolitan Area. The Activity Location Model is a linear urban model, which considers an economic base mechanism among activities. Various levels of employment and population in each zone are estimated with several hypotheses of quantitative and spatial relationships among activities. The total model is calibrated using various kind of data in the Osaka Metropolitan Area, whose results are fairly good as well as those of validation. Moreover, the effective use of the model to predict the change of activity pattern caused by transport improvements are shown in this paper.
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Yoshitaka AOYAMA, Kenichi OHASHI, Akio KONDO
1985 Volume 2 Pages
173-180
Published: January 10, 1985
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A lot of land use models have been developed since early 1970's in Japan. However, many of them considered only the conditions of demand side in land market. Unless the conditions of supply side are considered, estimation values out of the models are not stable. In this study, we devoloped a macro-model to be able to describe the process of urbanization by the equilibrium theory in land market. Especially, we applied the utility maximization theory to the behavior of land suppliers in modelling. As a result, we proved that the model could explain the mechanism of the rise of land price and the process of urbanization by the application of the model to urban area.
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Tetsuo YOSHIDA
1985 Volume 2 Pages
181-187
Published: January 10, 1985
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This paper aims at identifying indirect benefits caused by a public project which decreases the transportation costs of goods. Inter-regional effects is introduced by considering a migration which is induced by a unequal transportation effect between regions. This i s modeled as a household's utility maxization problem with the choice of goods consumption and residential place.
As a conclusion, three types of benefits of transportation improvement are formulated, direct benefits by decreased transportation costs conventionally used in the practical evaluation, indirect benefits by the change of prices of ordinary goods, and also indirect benefits by the migration newly identified in this paper.
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Kazuhiro YOSIKAWA, Mamoru HARUNA, Hirokazu TATANO
1985 Volume 2 Pages
189-196
Published: January 10, 1985
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In this study a mathematical planning model is formulated as explorative optimization model, in which flood run-off simulation models is embedded to describe the disaster caused by flood, in order to analyse planning problem on river disaster prevention in urbanized area systematically.
Based on past studies a stage-wised planning process, comprised with “Stage of analysis” and “Stage of integration”, is proposed and the mathematical planning model is used for designing alternatives of disaster prevention facilities at “Stage of integration” of planning process. Parametric analyses utilizing this model would produce effective information for disaster prevention planning in urbanized area.
The applicability of the mathematical planning mod el is evidenced through case study carried out in Ina River basin area.
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Norio OKADA, Yoshiharu OKA
1985 Volume 2 Pages
197-204
Published: January 10, 1985
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The paper systematically studies a conflict resolution process for the allocation of water. The process is viewed as a man-machine interactive system and a combined approach of game theory and gaming, called “gaming analysis” is presented to best describe the system. Though the conventional type of conflict analysis fails to explain them, the designed methodology to model the system is shown to explicitly analyze and forecast the compromising-forming characteristics of the players involved.
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