材料
Online ISSN : 1880-7488
Print ISSN : 0514-5163
ISSN-L : 0514-5163
44 巻, 501Appendix 号
選択された号の論文の12件中1~12を表示しています
  • Sei MIURA, Hiroyuki KATO
    1995 年 44 巻 501Appendix 号 p. 67-77
    発行日: 1995/06/15
    公開日: 2009/06/03
    ジャーナル フリー
    The relation between pseudoelastic behavior and the thermoelastic transformation has been studied by means of the measurements of stress-strain curves in the temperature range above and below the martensitic transition temperatures in so called shape memory alloys. Thermodynamical analysis for the pseudoelasticity associated with the stress-induced martensitic transformation has been briefly reviewed and in conjunction with the measurements of latent heat of transformation, the thermoelastic martensitic properties are discussed form a thermodynamic point of view. It was found that using the Clausius-Clapeyron equation concerning the stress-strain relation obtained by the experiments, the enthalpy change was calculated and agreed reasonably well with the experimental values. The importance of the measurement of latent heat of transformation was emphasized for the justification of thermodynamical analysis of the pseudoelasticity associated with the stress-induced martensitic transformation in the shape memory alloys.
  • Kai-Tak WAN, Yiu-Wing MAI
    1995 年 44 巻 501Appendix 号 p. 78-81
    発行日: 1995/06/15
    公開日: 2009/06/03
    ジャーナル フリー
    The blister test geometry commonly used for the measurement of interfacial work of adhesion W has been re-examined and new fracture mechanics analyses are given for thin flexible membranes on rigid substrates in which the stretching deformations are predominant. Two loading configurations are considered. (1) The blister is pressurized under an internal expansion of a fixed mass of working gas. Here stable crack propagation and multiple measurements per specimen are allowed. (2) The blister is loaded by a shaft at its apex, which also gives stable interface crack propagation. The fracture mechanics analyses are verified with simple experiments using sticky tapes on an aluminium plate based on these two test methods. Additional shaft-loaded blister experiments of nylon 6 films on surface treated aluminium substrates have also been studied and compared to the double cantilever geometry.
  • Naoki TAKANO, Masaru ZAKO, Noboru KIKUCHI
    1995 年 44 巻 501Appendix 号 p. 82-88
    発行日: 1995/06/15
    公開日: 2009/06/03
    ジャーナル フリー
    The effectiveness of the homogenization method for analysis of composite materials has been shown since it was firstly introduced in 1970's. As this method is applicable to periodic problems only, however, some engineering problems remain unsolved. For instance, we could not apply it to honey-comb sandwich plates and panels with reinforcing ribs because these structures are not periodic in the thickness direction. In this paper, the application of the homogenization method to those composite structures is discussed. As a practical example, stress analysis of single-layered corrugated core sandwich plate is presented. A method to homogenize the complicated geometry to a simple solid model, to get the homogenized material constants, and to calculate the microscopic stress is proposed.
  • Shoji IMATANI, Takehiko SAITO, Katsuhiko YAMAGUCHI
    1995 年 44 巻 501Appendix 号 p. 89-94
    発行日: 1995/06/15
    公開日: 2009/06/03
    ジャーナル フリー
    An anisotropic plastic constitutive model is applied to a three-dimensional finite element method based on the up-dated Lagrangian type formulation, and out-of-plane deformation of the laminated sheet metal which comprises different materials of stainless steel sheet and aluminum sheet is analyzed. The constitutive model involves a fourth order tensor in its representation, by which not only the initial orthotropy but also the subsequent skewed-anisotropy can be predicted. The variation of anisotropic axis is taken into account with reference to the kinematic relationship of the axis before and after the deformation. The conventional laws of both a power formula for work-hardening and a normality rule for plastic flow are employed in the model. Before the analysis, simple tension tests in various directions are performed to identify the anisotropic material parameters of each component layer. Since the mechanical properties vary in the thickness direction, a fully three-dimensional scheme is adopted in the numerical analysis. Here, we examine the following three kinds of loading patterns; (a) curl in transverse direction under a simple tension, (b) deflection at longitudinal direction in unloaded state following the tension, and (c) strain localization behavior in large deformation regime. The effect of thickness ratio is discussed from the viewpoint of the reduction of out-of-plane deformation, and the difference due to lamination angle is also examined to clarify the combination effect of planer anisotropy.
  • Hideyuki INOUE, Yasuhiro AKAHOSHI, Shoji HARADA
    1995 年 44 巻 501Appendix 号 p. 95-99
    発行日: 1995/06/15
    公開日: 2009/06/03
    ジャーナル フリー
    The molecular dynamics simulation of fracture process under static and fatigue loading were done on a nano-scale polycrystal of pure iron, proposed in a previous paper. In the static tension, increasing tensile strain promoted the slip band formation near the grain boundary and finally resulted in microcrack initiation. Formation of subcracks and their growth along grain boundary layer dominated the fracture process at 100K. A large-scaled slip band formation along each grain boundary was observed in the simulation at 700K. The temperature-dependence of fracture process explained well the transition from the cleavage or brittle fracture to the ductile one. Regarding to the fatigue simulation, the fatigue life was decreased with increasing cyclic stress amplitude. At higher stress amplitude, many subcracks were simultaneously formed at the grain boundary and the final failure was dominated by the growth and coalescence of those subcracks. On the other hand, the fatigue fracture was controlled by the primary growth of a single crack formed among the subcracks at lower stress level.
  • Masaki HOJO, Shojiro OCHIAI, Keisuke TANAKA
    1995 年 44 巻 501Appendix 号 p. 100-107
    発行日: 1995/06/15
    公開日: 2009/06/03
    ジャーナル フリー
    The effects of stress ratio and a water environment on the near-threshold growth of delamination fatigue cracks were investigated with unidirectional laminates made from ICI APC-2 thermoplastic prepregs (AS4/PEEK). Tests were carried out under mode I opening loading by using double cantilever beam specimens. The fatigue crack growth rate near the threshold region was mainly controlled by the stress intensity range rather than the maximum energy release rate and the energy release rate range. The fatigue crack growth resistance of AS4/PEEK laminates was much higher than that of conventional CF/epoxy laminates even near the threshold region. However, the increase in fatigue resistance was smaller than that in fracture toughness. Tests in water did not show large detrimental effects. The crack propagation rate in water was expressed as two power functions of the energy release rate range. The exponent of the power function in the low propagation rate region was smaller than that in the high propagation rate region, and the growth threshold was not observed. The mechanism of the existence of the two power functions was discussed by conducting tests in water at lower frequency of stress cycling. Mesoscopic mechanism of delamination fatigue crack growth in air and in water was discussed on the basis of the fractographic observation.
  • Toshihiko HOSHIDE, Mitsutoshi MASUDA
    1995 年 44 巻 501Appendix 号 p. 108-113
    発行日: 1995/06/15
    公開日: 2009/06/03
    ジャーナル フリー
    Bending tests using a silicon nitride and an alumina were carried out under 4-point bending to clarify the relation between the strength and the size of flaw observed at a fracture origin. When the fracture originated from a smaller flaw, the strength was confirmed to be lower than that expected from the fracture toughness criterion. A convenient procedure using the mean strength and the fracture toughness was proposed to estimate the strength degradation depending on flaw size. A new model was also developed assuming the stable cracking caused by the separation per one grain ahead of a flaw prior to the final unstable fracture. A Monte Carlo simulation based on the proposed model was made to explain the anomalous behavior of small flaw. The relation of strength vs. crack length simulated by taking account of grain-size distribution showed good agreement with the experimental result. The lower bound in scatter of strength depending on flaw-size was suggested to be estimated by using the size of the largest grain expected in a material.
  • Katsukuni YOSHIDA, Sizumasa UEDA
    1995 年 44 巻 501Appendix 号 p. 114-119
    発行日: 1995/06/15
    公開日: 2009/06/03
    ジャーナル フリー
    Growing process of the clusters in a composite consisting of niobium(Nb) and alumina(Al2O3), which was fabricated by hot-pressing under a uniaxial pressure, has been investigated with particular reference to the structural anisotropy and its effect on the percolative behavior of the electric conductivity σ. The percolation transition occurs at the critical volume fraction of Nb phase, fc=0.154 or fc=0.185, depending on the spatial direction. The conductivity obeys the critical power law with a universal exponent t≈2 after the transition. The statistic behavior of the structural anisotropy was measured with the aid of an image processor. The relationship between this structural anisotropy and the directional anisotropy of σ is well explained by developing the link-node-blob model. The result indicates that the sintered media like the above composite realize a percolation system virtually equivalent to the discrete percolation system produced on the lattice.
  • Masafumi KOBUNE, Satoshi FUJII, Ryoichi TAKAYAMA, Atsushi TOMOZAWA
    1995 年 44 巻 501Appendix 号 p. 120-125
    発行日: 1995/06/15
    公開日: 2009/06/03
    ジャーナル フリー
    Lanthanum- and magnesium-modified PbTiO3 {(1-x)·Pb0.9La0.1Ti0.975O3+x·MgO, x=0-0.025, (PLMT)} ceramics and thin films were prepared by normal sintering method and rf-magnetron sputtering method, respectively. The pyroelectric properties of PLMT ceramics and thin films were investigated in detail. The Curie temperature for all samples of both ceramics and films decreased linearly with increasing Mg. The highest figures of merit F.M. for the PLMT ceramics and films were around 0.18×10-10C·cm/J at x=0.005 and 1.05×10-10C·cm/J at x=0.010, reaching around 2.8 times and 1.5 times as large as those of PL10 (x=0 in PLT) ceramics and films, respectively. The highest F.M. in PLMT films attained to around 5.8 times that in PLMT ceramics. This is principally attributed to substantial differences in pyroelectric properties (εr and P) between ceramics and thin films.
  • Yukihiro YOSHIMURA, Seiji SAWAMURA, Yoshihiro TANIGUCHI
    1995 年 44 巻 501Appendix 号 p. 126-131
    発行日: 1995/06/15
    公開日: 2009/06/03
    ジャーナル フリー
    The viscosities of aqueous solutions of tetraalkylammonium bromide (R4NBr;R=Me, Et, n-Pr, and n-Bu) were measured in the range of 0.1-1.0molkg-1 and 5.0-50.0°C respectively up to a pressure of 375MPa, using a high pressure rolling-ball viscometer. The activation energy for viscous flow (Ev) and Jones-Dole B coefficient were estimated The viscosity vs. pressure minimum at 5.0°C observed for pure water becomes shallow or disappears with increasing concentration of R4NBr salt and increasing temperature. Ev for aqueous solution of Me4NBr is lower than that of pure water in the whole concentration range under high pressure. Two types of the pressure dependence of the Jones-Dole B coefficients are given. These phenomena were interpreted based on the stand point of pressure, temperature, concentration effects for the structure of water.
  • Taijiro NONAKA, Koji MIMURA, Shinji TANIMURA
    1995 年 44 巻 501Appendix 号 p. 132-133
    発行日: 1995/06/15
    公開日: 2009/06/03
    ジャーナル フリー
  • Kenji SUZUKI, Keisuke TANAKA
    1995 年 44 巻 501Appendix 号 p. 134-135
    発行日: 1995/06/15
    公開日: 2009/06/03
    ジャーナル フリー
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