I first presented the concept of “sound culture”, and the earlier “sound universe” [in Japanese (onbunka, otonosekai) and in French (culture sonore, univers sonore)],in the late1970s with their definitions and the results of analyses of concrete materials using these concepts, and developed through 1980s and1990s. These concepts were formed on the basis of my long field studies of the rich sound communication among the Mosi (Burkina Faso) of West Africa, as well as through critical review of previous major theories in the fields of linguistics, musicology, and the study of oral literature and spech.
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