Endotoxin of Gram-negative organisms have a multitude of pathogenic potentials and may play an important role in the pathogenesis of periodontal disease.
The purpose of this study was to investigate antiendotoxin antibody formation in rabbit and, furthermore, to detect the relationship between clinical findings of patients with periodontal disease and titers of antiendotoxin antibodies in their sera.
Titers of antiendotoxin antibodies were estimated by passive haemagglutination tests using the Microtiter equipment.
The following results were obtained.
1. Titer of antiendotoxin in rabbit serum was increased after serial repeated injection of E. coli endotoxin.
2. Antibody to endotoxin from E. coli 0111 strain did not show positive agglutination with endotoxin from E. coli 0127 strain.
3. Antibody in rabbit serum to supragingival plaque of patients with advanced periodontal disease reacted with endotoxin from oral Fusobacterium and showed positive agglutination in vitro.
4. Titers of antiendotoxin antibodies in sera of patients with periodontal disease were higher than those of individuals with healthy gingiva (p<0.01).
5. There were significant correlation between titer of antiendotoxin antibody and plaque index (r=0.57, p<0.01), gingival index (r=0.65, p<0.001), and pocket depth (r=0.51, p<0.01).
6. Correlation between titer of antiendotoxin antibody and the rate of hone resorption was not statistically significant.
Results indicate that endotoxin may penetrate into the crevicular epithelium to elicit immunological reaction in gingiva and may play an important role as a participant in the initiation of periodontal disease.

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The experimental subjects comprised 51 men and 81 women. All were outpatients visiting from 1973 to 1978 at periodontal clinic of Dental Hospital, Iwate Medical University, they were selected for this study on the basis of a standard.
In order to compare clinical finding with the histological picture as well as the comparison between each clinical appearance in the periodontal disease, the gingival biopsies from the anterior portion of the patients of the chronic marginal periodontitis were examined on the basis of periodontal disease index.
The results are as follows.
1. A correlation between the clinical appearances of inflammation and the histological findings of gingival inflammation was found in about two thirds of the cases, particularly there was a correlation more in interdental areas than in marginal areas. There was also a clear correlation between the two.
2. As regard to periodontal pocket and the histological findings of the gingival inflammation, a correlation was found in the interdental areas in male, but not found clearly in other areas.
A correlation was rather observed between periodontal pocket and the clinical appearance of gingival inflammation.
3. A correlation was neither found between bone resorption and the histological finding of gingival inflammation nor found between bone resorption and clinical signs.
4. Sex difference in periodontal pocket and bone resorption was observed. Periodontal pocket depth and bone resorption were highly showed more in male than in female.
Age difference in periodontal pocket depth and bone resorption was observed, particularly it was significant between a twenty-age and a thirty-age.

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The aim of this study was to extract the collagenase from the healthy and inflamed gingivae and to compare their activities. Healthy and inflamed gingivae were prepared according to the following procedure. To establish the healthy gingiva, toothbrushing was continued for seven to twelve weeks. After the establishment of healthy gingiva, the left bimaxillary gingiva as the experimental side and the right as the control side were selected. In the experimental side, a floss silk ligature was placed at the cervical area of teeth to accelerate the plaque formation and the dogs were fed on the soft diet during the experimental period. In the control side, the toothbrushing was continued. Three weeks later, the bilateral gingivae were resected and used for the extraction of collagenase.
Collagenase was extracted as follows:
1) by shaking for 22 hours (Fraction. 1), 2) by sonication in 0.2M NaCl buffer (Fraction 2) and 3) by sonication in 1M NaCl buffer (Fraction 3)
The collagenase activities of these fractions were assayed using [¹⁴C] acetylated collagen as the substrate.
At first, little collagenase activities were observed without treatment of the gingival extracts with trypsin, while after the treatment with trypsin significant collagenase activities were observed both in healthy and inflamed gingivae.
In addition, the gelatinase activities were assayed in both samples after treating with or without trypsin.
The trypsin treatment resulted in the increase of the gelatinase activities
In conclusion, three extracts from the inflamed gingiva had higher collagenase activities than those from the healthy gingiva, respectively (Fraction 1 P<0.02, Fraction 2&3 P<0.05). However, no significant difference in the gelatinase activities was observed between healthy and inflamed gingivae.

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The difference of regenerating speed between the epithelium and the secondary cementum may determine the extent of the fibrous reattachment of the flaps to the exposed surface of the roots. If the speed of the epithelium is higher than that of secondary cementum, the area of the fibrous reattachment will be restricted within the narrow limits.
The aims of this study are to estimate the influence of the surgical trauma and of the remnant of periodontal pocket upon the regenerating speed of secondary cementum, and to examine the effect of the regenerating alveolar bone on the apposition of secondary cementum.
The experiments were carried out on 26 dogs with healthy periodontal conditions. Maxillary 3rd incisors, canines, 1st premolars, mandibular 3rd incisors and canimes were used. The alveolar bone, 4x4mm, was chiseled away from the buccal margin. A groove was prepared on the surface of the apical border of exposed root.
Experiment I: After the alveolar bone, 4x4mm, was removed from buccal margin, and the groove was prepared, the flap was repositioned and sutured. The animals were kept alive from 1 to 25 weeks.
Experiment II: The alveolar bone was removed and groove was prepared as the experiment I. Then a sheet of alminium foil was inserted between the exposed surface of the root and the repositioned flap. The foils were kept in the place from 1 to 42 weeks.
Experiment III: The same procedures were taken place as the experiment II. At the end of the inserting period of the foils, periodontal flap operations were performed and the animal were kept alive for the additional 13 or 15 weeks.
The animals were sacrificed after the experimental periods ranging from 1 to 42 weeks, and the histopathological examination of the roots and the periodontia were performed.
The growth of the granulation tissue between the alminium foil and the surface of the root was observed. The periodontal pockets were not significant in all of the animals. The insertion of the alminium foil inhibited the regeneration of the alveolar bone. The differences of the regeneration of secondary cementum among the 3 groupes were not found. The maxillary 3rd incisors tended to receive more apposition of secondary cementum than the mandibular canines and premolars. The width of the alveolar bone removed, was related to the speed of the regeneration of the bone. No significant relationship was found between the regeneration of the alveolar bone and that of secondary cementum.

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In periodontitis, gingival fibroblasts undergo cytopathic degenerative changes. A variety of architectural components of Capnocytophaga strain S₃ and fractions included lipids of Actinomyces naeslundii ATCC 12104 were analyzed for their ability to inhibit proliferation of human fibroblasts obtained from highly inflamed gingival margins.
A fraction solubilized with 1% sodium dodecyl sulfate from cell envelope of Capnocytophaga and a lipid fraction extracted solubly from A. naeslundii with chloroform-methanol (2:1, by volume) gave the greatest inhibitory activity against Fibroblast. Lipopolysaccharide fractions of Capnocytophaga and amphipathic substance of A. naeslundii as well as lipopolysaccharide of E. coli revealed less activities in growth inhibition. Peptidoglycan of Capnocytophage, however, exhibited little inhibitory activitiy. The results suggest that oral microorganisms possess architectural substance with no contamination of lipopolysaccharide and peptidoglycan that interfere with gingival fibroblast proliferation.

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The measurement of tooth mobility is an important factor in determining the prognosis and indicated therapy of the periodontally involved tooth. It is apparent that there is need for more scientific instrument which allows assessment of tooth mobility with reasonable speed for clinical research.
The purpose of this stdy is to present the apparatus that in able to measure horizontal and vertical tooth mobility in all areas of mouth automatically, and to investigate the acuracy of the method using this apparatus.
1. The apparatus consists of direct current motor, water cable relese, load cell, differential transformer and measuring head. The static force produced by direct current motor is applied to a crown through water cable release and measuring head. The load is ranged 0g to 500g.
The amount of this load is recorded on X-Y recorder automatically. The excursion of crown is converted into voltoge by differential transformer, and recorded on X-Y recorder automatically.
2. The accuracy of this apparatus was investigated clinically. Five molars of three subjects with clinically healthy periodontium were selected as physiological tooth mobility group. Four molars of four subjects with from mild to advanced periodontitis were selected as pathological tooth mobility group. The measurments were carried out four times at two minutes on the subjects of both group. The relative error was 5.3% on physiological tooth mobility group, and 6.9% on pathological tooth mobility group. Reproducibility was assessed on the some subjects at five different settings which interval were one week. The realtive error was 10.9% on physiological tooth mobility group, and 8.5% on pathological tooth mobility group.

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Coronal reshaping was done in conjunction with other types of periodontal therapy, such as scaling, curettage and periodontal surgery.
The principal results that have been observed after comprehensive periodontal therapy including coronal reshaping were reduction of the mobility of teeth, change in the position of teeth, improvement in the amount and density of the alveolar hone (radiographically), change in the relation of the mandible or the maxilla, elimination of the bruxism and elimination of pain and improvement in function of the temporomandibular joint.
The reduction in tooth mobility was marked in some cases and resulted in firm teeth with no clinical evidence of mobility. In other cases, but some mobility remained.
The closure of contact between teeth and the movement of teeth into new positions occurred without the use of orthodontic aids.
There was an increase in the height of bone, with filling of the bony defects.
Bruxism is especially destructive in patients with minimal anterior overjet and steep interlocking cusps of the posterior teeth. Coronal reshaping helped to increase the overjet of anterior teeth and to reduce the size of occlusal contacts and the steepness of cuspal inclines of the posterior teeth.

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This stdy was observed on the correlation between the extensive angle, height of the plunger cusp and ridge in the maxillary molars of the periodontal patients. On experimental methods, one hundred and two periodontal patients from thirty five to forty five ages. and from which one hundred and forty-four plaster model blocks included upper first and second molar were selected for this stdy. The examination of differences on the extensive angle, cusp and ridge height were calculated between the distal buccal cusp of the fist molar and menial buccal cusp of the the second molar. The results were obtained as follow:
(1) The mean angle of the extensive angle was 61.6±15.9°, and there was a tendency of almost in 40.1° to 80°
(2) The mean difference of cusp height was in 1.195±0.786mm, and also the ridge height was in 1.0±0.670mm.
(3) No significant correlations were found between the extensive angle and height of cusp or ridge.
(4) If the extensive angle was confined in 40.1°-80°, the smaller the extensive angle, the alveolar bone a resorption in relation to it on the X-ray photograph.

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The purpose of this study was the examination of clinical effects on sutureless free gingival graft by using a surgical adhesive materials at 11 cases.
After free gingival graft which was taken from paratal area was placed on the recipient site, adhesive materials (Aron Alpha A “Sankyo”) was applied on the graft and its surrounding area, immidiately sterilized cellophan was placed over the area for protecting graft.
The recipient area was covered with surgical pack (COE-pack) for 2 weeks. Following this treatment of free gingival graft, the patients were observed for 3-15 months.
In any caces necrosis of the graft was not found and width of attached gingiva was spread 3-6mm in all caces.
This technique was more easily than the technique of graft with suture. It was concluded that this sutureless free gingival graft was able to take place of generally free gingival graft with suture.

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