Obesity is associated with numerous health impairments, including type 2 diabetes mellitus and coronary artery disease. Adipose tissue in cases of obesity shows infiltration of immune cells such as macrophages which induce chronic inflammation, which, in turn, can lead to pathological conditions such as insulin resistance and atherosclerosis. We comprehensively analyzed the factors involved in chronic adipose tissue inflammation by co-culturing adipocytes and macrophages. We focused on CCL19, a chemokine whose expression was significantly elevated in adipocytes co-cultured with macrophages. We generated Ccl19 knock-in (KI) mice specifically overexpressing CCL19 in adipocytes, and demonstrated that activation of CCL19 signaling in adipose tissue amplifies inflammation, impairs lipid metabolism and energy regulation, and contributes to glucose intolerance. The differences observed between the Ccl19KI and wild-type mice were most pronounced in the groups fed a 40% high-fat diet as compared with a normal diet and the 60% high-fat diet. Our results suggest that mild obesity increases the systemic effects of local inflammation. In mild obesity, which is common among Japanese individuals, periodontitis can be amplified to a systemic level through the activation of inflammatory signaling pathways mediated by interactions between adipocytes and immune cells such as macrophages in the adipose tissue.

In initial periodontal therapy, plaque control and occlusal establishment are regarded as fundamental principles. However, it remains unclear whether attachment gain and bone regeneration are influenced by preoperative occlusal support or by regeneration therapies, such as recombinant human fibroblast growth factor-2 application. This study was aimed at determining whether the preoperative occlusal support status might affect periodontal tissue regeneration therapy outcomes. Data of cases of periodontal tissue regeneration therapy performed for the molars at the Nihon University Matsudo Dental Hospital between February 2017 and June 2024 were retrospectively reviewed. The final subjects were selected after applying exclusion criteria and divided into two groups by the number of occlusal support areas, excluding the targeted sites. Clinical parameters were assessed pre- and postoperatively, and improvements in the clinical outcomes and radiographic bone fill post-surgery were compared between the two groups. The primary outcome was radiographic bone fill at 12 months post-surgery, and the relationship between the occlusal support areas and radiographic bone fill was analyzed statistically. Both groups showed notable improvements in probing depth (PD), clinical attachment level (CAL), and bleeding on probing (BOP) at 12 months, whereas radiographic bone fill did not differ substantially between the two groups. Moreover, PD reduction, CAL gain, BOP improvement, plaque control, and bone fill were not associated with the number of preoperative occlusal support areas. Thus, in periodontal tissue regeneration therapy, the outcomes do not appear to be affected by preoperative occlusal support. Overall, this study suggests that occlusal condition is not a critical determinant of the success of regenerative therapy, emphasizing the need to identify alternative preoperative factors with greater predictive value for clinical outcomes.