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The purpose of this study is to develop an evaluation system for the operations involving forearm torsion, such as screw driving and knob turning, for digital human models. In this report the differences are investigated of forearm torsional torques at the various positions of the rotated object. A device for measuring torques is fabricated with two strain gauges. The experiments were carried out for three male subjects to measure the torques produced by their forearm torsions at twenty-two positions of the object. As a result the forearm torsional torques varied with the positions of the object or the working postures.

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A solid body link model, which has been used for the analysis on human body performance, can estimate the force and torque which act on each joint from the recorded human motion. However, the muscle functionality is not considered in a solid body link model. It is necessary to investigate the variation of muscles in order to clarify the human function achieved by many muscles which acts on human′s joints to generate human motion. In this study, a human musculo-skeletal model that can estimate the human physical muscle force is developed to integrate with a solid body link model to analyze human physical dynamics. A basic two dimensional musculo-skeletal model of man's upper and lower limbs was constructed and the power of each effective muscle was estimated from the recorded loading and unloading work motions.

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Recently the aging society seems inevitable and it has brought many problems to our society: for example, many old people have difficulties of spending an independent life. In order to improve this situation, we have studied human standing-up motion because the motion is a start point of many motions, and it is considered very important for them. From our previous research, it was found that human standing-up motion consisted of two coordinated muscles movements called synergy: one synergy is moving their center of gravity forward or upward and the other one is controlling their posture. In this study, we obtained several muscles activation data of both healthy and unhealthy people from experiments, and we extracted synergies from them to see how synergies are different between two groups. As a result, it was suggested that the synergy which controls human posture is important for old people to achieve normal standing-up motion.

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New measuring and training system of muscle power for elderly seniors, that utilizes small 'electric generator' instead of 'spring force', was proposed. Our previous study clarified that this method can measure not only the muscle power, but also the reflection time and the muscle strength without any physical stress on old-old subject. This paper verifies that another advantage of employing electric generator. The advantage is that generator can electrically make training loads for rehabilitation. Experimental results show the efficiency of the proposed training method.

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With high-performance digital cameras, mobile phones and medical equipments, the demand for high-precision optical glass lenses is increasing. Molded lenses are the mainstream of optical glass lens today. The perform glass before molding requires precise machining for improvement in the form accuracy and the surface roughness. In this research, we investigated the grinding characteristics of optical glasses for precision molding with a view to reduction of polishing time of perform glasses.

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Recently, haptic information is studied as the third multimedia information. In order to control haptic information, bilateral control with a master-slave system is used widely. Since the plural systems are handled, it becomes important to think of the connection condition among the systems. In this paper, the multilateral control which changes the system connection depending on movement of the operator is proposed. The system connection is able to be changed without a switch by this proposed control. By using this proposed system, an operator can feel the environmental reaction force in the distant place. Moreover the operator can feel binding force from the system by changing the system connection when the slave system goes to the dangerous space.

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The micro-encapsulation technology is used in various fields such as medical treatments and foods and display devices. However, typical micro-encapsulation methods cannot form emulsions with arbitrary diameter and layer. Therefore, a method of microcapsule formation using glass tubes and a tungsten needle is proposed. In this paper, we succeed in double emulsion formation in 500 μm diameter.

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This paper deals with the crack size in miniature drilling of glass plate with a thickness of 2.83mm using an electroplated diamond tool. In step feed drilling, the crack size at the exit is less 0.1mm when drilling the glass plate using a chip pocket tool. However, the crack size at the entrance is larger than that of the exit, and the dispersion of crack size is also large. In order to control the crack size at the entrance, the tool geometries of chip pocket tool is investigated.

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This paper deals with the effects of helical drilling on the processing efficiency and the crack size in through hole drilling of glass plate with a thickness of 2.83mm using an electroplated diamond tool with a capsular form. In the helical drilling, the machining time is about 1.5min. However, the drilled hole accuracy is varied considerably by various grain sizes. The machined surface is observed in order to find out drilling conditions satisfied the drilled accuracy, which is investigate from the grain sizes.

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On machine measuring system of accuracies of a deep hole is developed using a lathe. The system consists of a laser interferometer set behind a head stock, and a measuring unit with the pentaprism and corner cube prism. The corner cube prism is fixed to a stylus. The stylus scans a hole wall of a workpiece set on a carriage toward tangential direction. The movement of the stylus perpendicular to the hole wall is detected by the laser interferometer. A laser beam from the interferometer goes through a hole of the main spindle and is deflected by a pentaprism to the corner cube prism. Until now, it takes 48minutes to evaluate the accuracy of a hole with 63mm in diameter and 250mm in length. In this research, it is cleared that the time is shortened within 20seconds through the experiments. The measurement experiments were carried out with several rotation speeds, feeds and shapse of the hole wall.

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We developed a tool path generation system compensating for machining error caused by dynamic deflection and shape error of ball end mill. Dynamic deflection is predicted by instantaneous rigid cutting force and dynamic deflection model using FFT. Tool shape error is estimated by measuring the diameter of tool during rotating. Tool path generated with CAM software is modified based on the result of error prediction. The system was verified with cutting experiments of cylindrical surface. It was shown that the predicted cutting forces, tool deflections, and machining errors were in good agreement with the measured ones and the machining errors were decreased using the tool paths modified with the developed system.

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The purpose of this research is to develop hi-speed and hi-accuracy machining system. The servo data is the set of position command at every servo cycle time, which is minimum unit of position command in NC machining processes. The servo data is directly generated by geometric model interpolation without NC program. In this research the tool path generation system that is able to predict and compensate the tool deflection and fluctuation of cutting load is proposed. This report refers to the machining test to compensate a tool deflection by removal volume control.

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Weld-lines, a molding defect in plastic injection molding, not only cause disfigurement of the exterior of molded products, but only reduce their mechanical strength amongst other problems. The authors have already confirmed in previous papers that use of the induction heating and cooling mold installed inside the mold coil can help prevent V-shape grooves of weld-lines. This paper discusses a study on the effects of induction heating and cooling on the tensile strength of molded products, focusing on the mechanical properties of weld-lines, and verified that induction heating and cooling increases the apparent elongation after fracture of molded products, etc.

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Recently, a multifunction machine, in which a ferrous based powder bed is selectively heated and fused by a laser beam irradiation and the edge of consolidated structure obtained is cut with end mill, has been developed to produce an injection molding die. This device has an advantage that the molding die does not have to divide into each block for locating the cooling channels. However, it has difficulty finishing the inner wall located as cooling channels in the injection mold. This paper deals with a polishing of inner wall with flowing slurry at high performance. In order to investigate the influence of various conditions on the polishing of the inner wall, the effects of grain size and polishing time on the polishing characteristics are evaluated experimentally.

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