Using International Social Survey Programme 1993 module on Environment, which used same questionnaires and same methods in each country, and slightly modified Japanese survey conducted by National Institute for Environmental Studies, we analyzed relationships between environmental values and pro-environmental actions, and relationships between belief of societal efficacy and pro-environmental actions. Firstly, we identified the value systems, which is consisted of "Environmental pessimism", "Techno-economic centralism", "Human exemptionism" and "Dar winism". Secondly, we tried to compare recognition of seriousness of each environmental problem. In every country, Environmental pessimism respondents tend to think more serious than those who categorized as Techno-economic centralism. Thirdly, as for pro-environmental behavior, respondents who categorized as Environmental pessimism are more likely to take actions, such as recycling, buying organic vegetables and cutting back on driving, and also support for environmental groups, except Japan. But Japanese citizens who have beliefs that individual actions can achieve communities' environment (societal efficacy belief, in this paper) are more likely to take pro-environmental actions. We would like to emphasis on these results, now we need not only to distribute the information on environmental problems, but also to distribute the information on what individuals can do in environmental policies.

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The purpose of this paper is to propose an environmental comprehensive model, called the framework model, for environmental policy analysis support. After the cold war, the global environmental problem became a big subject of international politics. Recently, the national and local governments, as well as international organizations have been searching for plans to sustainable development. Many researchers in various fields have been trying to assess policy options for sustainable development and to develop models to be used policy analysis. However, there have been some difficulties in communicating policy needs and scientific knowledge between policy makers and researchers or experts. In this research, a framework model is developed to summarize the knowledge of experts in the environmental field, and to analyze influences of policies and then to suggest possible policy options to the policy makers. Thus, this model is a communication platform for assessing sustainable development policies.

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Energy consumption and carbon dioxide (CO₂) emissions for manufacturing plastics in Japan were evaluated in order to determine the potential for energy savings and reductions in CO₂ emissions. Energy consumption for manufacturing plastics comprised 42% of the total consumption for all chemical industries in Japan. However, 54% of the energy is retained in the plastic products themselves. The retained energy of 37.0 GJ/t corresponds to 2.6 times the energy consumption (15.2 GJ/t) in a crude steel production process with an integrated steel plant. Recycling of waste plastics is therefore essential for energy conservation. The CO₂ emissions from plastics manufacturing was 37% of the total for the whole chemical industry, a quantity smaller than those from steel, cement-ceramics, or petroleum industries. Replacement of some types of plastics by more environmentally friendly ones and recycling of waste plastics were also discussed from the standpoints of both energy and CO₂ emissions.

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This study presents a multiple regression analysis to estimate dry deposition velocities of gases and particles to a forest using the net throughf all flux (throughf all + stemflow - precipitation) as the dependent variable and atmospheric concentrations of gases and aerosols as independent variables. The advantage of this method, for chemical species where canopy leaching and uptake are negligible, is that the contributions of dry deposition to net throughfall fluxes and deposition velocities of various kinds of gases and particles can be estimated simultaneously only from a data set of net throughfall fluxes and atmospheric concentrations. This regression analysis was applied to the one-year data set observed at a Japanese cedar (Cryptomeria japonica) forest located in Isehara City, Kanagawa Prefecture. Annual mean deposition velocities of SO₂, particulate SO₄^2-, HNO₃ and particulate NO₃^- were estimated at 0.50 cm/s, 0.057 cm/s, 3.5 cm/s, and 1.3 cm/s, respectively. These values agreed fairly well with those estimated by several different methods in the literature.

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In order to estimate the demand for food in Asian countries, the income, the standard of living and the movement of population in those countries need to be refered. The statistical data on these subjects are not well pigeonholed yet. This study uses IMF statistics to estimate the cross-sectional capital stock based on the standard of accounting in USA. The relation between the capital stock and the labor, that of the economic development and the movement of population, that of GDP and the consumption of food per person are proposed. These data is then used to calculate the demand for food in Asian countries using the system-dynamics method.

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A simple model incorporating a hydrological module and a chemistry module has been constructed to estimate the effects of acid rain on lake water. The model was applied to Lake Tsurugaike in the Mt. Norikura alpine area, to simulate the water volume and the concentrations of major ions in the lake water. The hydrological module was calibrated by simulating the field data for the period 1992-1994, and the adequacy of this model is assessed by applying it to the data for 1995 . The chemistry module, which can simulate sulfate, calcium and nitrate concentration without calibration, is assessed by applying it to the field data for 1993-1995. The simulation results maintain good agreement with the field data. The typical characteristics of Lake Tsurugaike simulated by this model are: (1)sulfate concentration is affected directly by rain, and the sulfate reduction is not a major neutralizing process; (2)calcium is supplied mainly by rain and the cation exchange is negligible; (3)denitrification process does not affect the nitrate concentration of the lake water. These results indicate that the recent decrease in pH is caused either by an increasing rate of acid deposition or by depletion of cation exchange capacity of watershed soil and sediments.

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