In recent years, livestock in Japan have consumed large amounts of veterinary antibiotics. Some of the antibiotics administered to livestock are discharged through their excrement. The use of antibiotic-containing excrement as farmland manure becomes concern, because bacteria in the farmland can develop resistance to the antibiotics. Antibiotics can also contaminate aquatic environments. However, the amount of administered veterinary antibiotics excreted by livestock into the environment has been rarely reported. In this study, the excretion ratio of sulfamonomethoxine (SMM) administered to livestock was investigated using sheep as a model animal of cows.

SMM extracted from sheep excrement with McIlvaine buffer solution was analyzed by LC-MS/MS after solid phase extraction. The developed analysis method achieved a high recovery rate of 85.9％ for urine and 93.2％ for feces. In the result, maximum SMM concentration was 45.6 mg/kg in feces at 16 hours and 532 mg/kg in urine at 2 hours after SMM was spiked. The average excretion ratios were 10.6％ in urine, 2.0％ in feces, and 12.6％ in total.

Although greenery in urban areas has many functions, such as mitigation of the urban heat island effect, and reduction of rainfall-induced surface runoff, it is difficult to secure the space required to plant trees in cities, which are crowded with buildings. Therefore, rooftop greening has attracted attention and many cities are adopting and promoting this practice. However, the rise in the number and area of green roof has not resulted in an increase in the total area of urban cover.

In this study, we attempt to elucidate the detailed current status of central part of Nagoya using WorldView-2 images to obtain land cover information and extract the area under rooftop greening. We then analyze this status of rooftop greening according to zoning and building usage, and suggest methods to increase the urban green cover.