ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE
Online ISSN : 1884-5029
Print ISSN : 0915-0048
ISSN-L : 0915-0048
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Volume 15, Issue 5
Displaying 1-5 of 5 articles from this issue
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  • The Effect of Urbanization in Developing Countries on Carbon
    Dioxide Emissions: Evaluation by Modifying the Edmonds-Reilly Model
    Hiroyuki IMAI
    2002 Volume 15 Issue 5 Pages 331-340
    Published: September 30, 2002
    Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11353/sesj1988.15.331
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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    Carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions from fossil fuel consumption are regarded as the most important cause of global warming in the future and are usually related to population growth. However, another demographic phenomenon, urbanization, is also considered to be important and is expected to be particularly conspicuous in developing countries during the next few decades. The objectives of this study are to incorporate urbanization scenarios into the typical model for projecting CO2 emissions, the Edmonds-Reilly model, and to evaluate the effect of urbanization in developing countries on CO2 emissions from fossil fuel consumption. Through the modification, urbanization scenarios are connected with changes in the production structure. The modified model projects plausible CO2 emissions when standard scenarios are adopted. The sensitivity analyses imply that realistic variations of future population growth and future urbanization would have quantitatively similar effects on CO2 emissions.
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  • An Attempt to Evaluate the Vegetational Benefits for the Human Environments in a Small Suburban Forested Area
    Yoshiya TADAKI, Yuri NAKAGAWA, Hiromi IKEGAMI
    2002 Volume 15 Issue 5 Pages 341-348
    Published: September 30, 2002
    Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11353/sesj1988.15.341
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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    We have tried to evaluate the abilities of vegetation to be of benefit to the human environment in a small model suburban forested area . The following questionniarings were conducted on 38 persons who were well informed of the model area, TOYOTA Foresta Hills, 76 ha, near Toyota City, Aichi Pref.;(1)selecting benefits (vegetational functions) to be evaluated, (2)giving the grade on the relative importance to each benefit selected, (3)giving a vegetation type its grade of contribution to each benefit, answerer's knowledge (selfconfidence). E Relative importance of each benefit in this site was decided as the mean value of (2)weighted by (4) .(6) Relative contribution point to each benefit by vegetation type in this site was calcurated to be the mean value of O weighted by (4). The total amount of vegetational contribution in this forested areawas evaluated in terms of the sum of [(6)×(5)× total area per vegetation type]. The evaluated values in every 50m×50m square were calculated and shown horizontally on the meshed map. This method may be useful to the environmental impact assessment recently provided for in the law.
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  • Measuring the External Cost of Traffic Exhaust Gas
    Syun-ichi YAGI
    2002 Volume 15 Issue 5 Pages 349-359
    Published: September 30, 2002
    Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11353/sesj1988.15.349
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    The air pollution in metropolises has been still serious as a result of traffic exhaust gas. To control traffic exhaust gas and improve the quality of the pollution, we have to estimate to what extent traffic exhaust gas affect the utility of residents. This paper focuses on measuring the external cost of traffic exhaust gas in Amagasaki city by the hedonic price method. The following results were obtained.1. The external cost is about 3.8 billion yen per year, even when the easiest environ mental standards was supposed.2. The cost of 1 passing vehicles was about 74 yen per car and 341 yen per truck.
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  • Comparative Study on Time Trends and Sedimentation Flux of PCDDs/DFs and PCBs in Sediment Cores from Japan
    Shin-ichl SAKAI, Shingo DEGUCHI, Hiroshi TAKATSUKI
    2002 Volume 15 Issue 5 Pages 361-376
    Published: September 30, 2002
    Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11353/sesj1988.15.361
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    Time trend analyses of PCDDs/DFs and PCBs in sediments in background area and urban/industrial areas were performed . PCDDs/DFs concentrations increased mainly in 1960s in the whole country . The sources of PCDDs/DFs in Lake Biwa and Osaka Bay were considered to be due to multiple pollution from combustion sources and organic chemicals such as PCP and CNP . PCBs trends of sediment cores of industrial areas were similar to the trend of commercial PCBs production and usage. From congener patterns of Co-PCBs, it was suggested that the sources of PCBs in industrialareas were due to commercial PCBs and pollution spread out via atmospheric and water transport. Comparison among the sedimentation fluxes indicated that the accumulation of contaminants to lacustrine area occurred, and characterized the contamination level in urban/industrial areas.
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  • [title in Japanese]
    [in Japanese]
    2002 Volume 15 Issue 5 Pages 377-380
    Published: September 30, 2002
    Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11353/sesj1988.15.377
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