巻号一覧
2011 巻 (2011)
- 250 号 p. 231-
- 249 号 p. 161-
- 248 号 p. 89-
- 247 号 p. 49-
- 246 号 p. 1-
2011 巻, 250 号
選択された号の論文の8件中1～8を表示しています
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論文
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大石 昇平, 天野 佳正, 相川 正美, 町田 基原稿種別: 論文
2011 年 2011 巻 250 号 p. 231-237
発行日: 2011/11/15
公開日: 2011/12/15
ジャーナル フリーThe chemical activation with ZnCl2 was conducted to prepare mesoporous activated carbons (ACs) from bamboo chips (BC), and the optimization as well as mechanism of ZnCl2 activation was examined. The pore properties of the prepared ACs were evaluated through N2 adsorption/desorption isotherms. The results showed that both surface area and mesopore volume were significantly developed up to as much as 1900 m2/g and 1.6 cm3/g, respectively, by ZnCl2 activation at the impregnation ratio (ZnCl2/BC) of 9 g/g. The mesopore volume of the ACs could be controlled by varying the amount of ZnCl2 in the impregnation process. The development of porosity was observed around a 400–500 °C activation temperature, and was attributed to the expansion of the carbon microstructure by fusion and vaporization of ZnCl2. The increase in activation temperature to above 500 °C, however, caused a significant reduction of porosity for ACs. This was due to the rapid progression of organization of the graphite structure. Adsorption of Pb(II) ions revealed that it strongly depended on the number of total basic sites on the carbon surface rather than the mesopore volume, while the Pb(II) ion adsorption kinetics was much higher for ACs with a larger mesopore content.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (483K)
ノート
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後藤 康夫, 原田 大原稿種別: ノート
2011 年 2011 巻 250 号 p. 238-240
発行日: 2011/11/15
公開日: 2011/12/15
ジャーナル フリーThe carbonization behavior of iodinated poly(vinyl alcohol)s (PVAs) containing different kinds of metal acetates was investigated. The carbonization yields of PVAs with Fe3+, Cr3+ and Ni2+ ions increased by ca. 10 wt% compared to that of neat PVA. For only the Ni2+-added sample, a stacked structure of carbon planes was developed in the iodinated PVAderived carbon prepared by heating to 800 °C at the heating rate of 60 °C/h. On the other hand, the heating rate of 400 °C/h did not lead to distinct formation of the stacked structure. This indicates that the heating condition is important for the formation of the stacked structure of carbon planes as well as doping of Ni2+ ions.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (421K)
スペシャルレビュー
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関屋 章原稿種別: スペシャルレビュー
2011 年 2011 巻 250 号 p. 241-247
発行日: 2011/11/15
公開日: 2011/12/15
ジャーナル 認証ありGlobal warming countermeasures have been evaluated using the global warming potential (GWP). However, since GWP shows only one aspect of global warming, the alternative indicator, carbon dioxide equivalent warming number (CEWN), which is based on the removal rate of each greenhouse gas from the atmosphere, is explained here. The latest CEWN values are shown, and the life cycle climate performance results of car air-conditioning, recovery and recycling of R-22 refrigerant and semiconductor cleaning process, where fluorinated carbon compounds are used, are evaluated with those CEWN values. The results reveal that fluorinated carbon compounds are beneficial in coping with global warming. In addition, carbon resources are also evaluated with new concept, and consequently it is shown that fluorinated carbon compounds are beneficial in conserving carbon resources.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1013K)
解説
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平岩 次郎, 初代 善夫, 竹林 仁, 寺岡 勝志原稿種別: 解説
2011 年 2011 巻 250 号 p. 248-252
発行日: 2011/11/15
公開日: 2011/12/15
ジャーナル 認証ありThere are two issues in carbon electrodes for fluorine gas production by molten fluoride electrolysis. One is the anode effect and the other is anode breakage. The former arises through the formation of carbon-fluorine compounds on the surface of carbon electrodes. The formation results in a lower affinity between the surface and the electrolyte, which significantly decreases the performance of the electrode for the electrolysis. The latter is also mainly caused by the reaction of carbon and fluorine, i.e. the formation of fluorine intercalation compounds accompanied by a volume increase which induces the breakage of the electrodes. In this article, we discuss the mechanism of the two issues, and show that control of the properties and structure of carbon electrodes are necessary. Based on many references and our findings, it is concluded that the carbon with a lower crystallinity than graphite and a high density shows a higher performance and a higher durability than a conventional carbon electrode.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (713K) -
石井 陽祐, 山田 早紀, 松下 知弘, Ayar Al-zubaidi, 川崎 晋司原稿種別: 解説
2011 年 2011 巻 250 号 p. 253-262
発行日: 2011/11/15
公開日: 2011/12/15
ジャーナル 認証ありThe electric double layer capacitor (EDLC) is one of the popular electrical energy devices with high power. However, ion adsorption mechanisms in EDLC electrodes having nano-sized pores have not been fully clarified yet. In this paper, we provide a brief review of the EDLC properties of single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) electrodes, especially the interaction between SWCNTs and halide ions. So far, it has been recognized that cyclic voltammograms (CVs) of SWCNT electrodes show a unique shape referred to as “butterfly”. However, our recent experiment using SWCNTs having a small diameter distribution showed that the CV of the SWCNTs shows a “dumbbell” shape which reflects the density of states of SWCNTs. In this paper, several “dumbbell” shapes observed with a series of alkali-halide aqueous electrolytes are given. The origin of the “dumbbell” shape is also discussed using in-situ Raman experimental results.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1020K) -
後藤 康夫原稿種別: 解説
2011 年 2011 巻 250 号 p. 263-268
発行日: 2011/11/15
公開日: 2011/12/15
ジャーナル 認証ありIn this paper, the author reports the role of iodine treatment in the carbonization of poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) and preparation of carbon fibers from PVA fiber. PVA can be converted to carbon materials with the assistance of iodine-vapor or iodinesolution treatment at around 90 °C. Iodine acts as a dehydrating agent to withdraw water molecules from PVA chains leading to the generation of polyenes. Furthermore, iodine promotes the formation of a polycyclic aromatic structure by the intermolecular crosslinking reaction of polyenes and the dehydropolymerization of the polycyclic rings formed. Consequently, the carbonization yield of iodinated PVA is extremely increased (ca. 40–50 wt% of the original PVA weight), while uniodinated PVA exhibits only several percent to near zero. The preparation conditions of carbon fibers from iodinated PVA are described in detail. A unique method for the preparation of a hollow carbon fiber, which is produced from a solid PVA fiber precursor by selective iodination within the fiber cross-section close to the fiber surface, is also mentioned.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1264K)
談話室
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安田 榮一原稿種別: 談話室
2011 年 2011 巻 250 号 p. 283
発行日: 2011/11/15
公開日: 2011/12/15
ジャーナル 認証ありPDF形式でダウンロード (184K) -
塩山 洋原稿種別: 談話室
2011 年 2011 巻 250 号 p. 284
発行日: 2011/11/15
公開日: 2011/12/15
ジャーナル 認証ありPDF形式でダウンロード (217K)
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