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Volume 27 (1982)
- Issue 4 Pages 245-
- Issue 3 Pages 155-
- Issue 2 Pages 77-
- Issue 1 Pages 1-
- Issue Suppl Pages 1-
Volume 27, Issue 2
Displaying 1-9 of 9 articles from this issue
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Hirofumi YAMAGUCHI1982 Volume 27 Issue 2 Pages 77-82
Published: August 26, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: December 17, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSSeventy three acecssions from Japan, 29 from Korea, 3 from Australia, 2 from Canada, 1 from Mexico and 1 from West Germany of wild common oat (Avena fatua L.) and one accession of common oat (A. sativa L.) were raised in the experimental field spacing 15×15cm over the winter in 1974 to 1975. Using eleven gross morphological traits of mature plants, normalized Euclidian distances, GOODMAN's measures and Q-correlation coefficients among accessions were calculated. Cluster analyses were carried out by the unweighted pair-group method using arithmetic averages.
Clusters derived from Euclidian distance and those from GOODMAN's measure were well projected on a plan of first and second principal component axes. Clusters from Q-correlation were made across second principal component axis. Clustering by means of GOODMAN's measure showed an appropriate classification of plant types.
Common form could be divided into following four groups, (1) accessions from high latitude (Hokkaido of Japan, Canada and West Germany), (2) those from urban wasteland of southern Japan showing relatively tall plant stature, (3) those from cultivated fields and rural wastelend of southern Japan and Korea with Australian and Mexican accessions and common oat, (4) those with relatively short culm from cereal field of Japan. D-form could be divided into two groups and showed a similarity to the relatively short culm common form. C-form and U-form were more similar to the common form with short culm in their plant stature than others.View full abstractDownload PDF (670K) -
Souichiro IMABAYASHI, Seiichi KOJO, Mitsuyoshi OHKUMA, Chiaki KISAKIBA ...1982 Volume 27 Issue 2 Pages 85-90
Published: August 26, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: December 17, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSExperiments were conducted on the effect of mulching of cutstraw and on the use of herbicides in rice stands to devise weed control methods suitable for the cultivation of wheat and by barley by seed broad-casting in rice stands (this method of cultivation enabled to save labour in providing a mulching effect as a substitute for the soil cover made of cut-straw by combine at harvesting time).
(1) The larger the amount of cut-straw as mulling material, the more effective for the control of gramineous weeds. Emergence of wheat seedlings and their initial growth were inhibited when the amount of mulching material exceeds 90kg/a (dry weight basis) while the amount of less than 50kg/a was not effective in preventing weed growth, suggesting that the optimum amount ranged between 50 to 90kg/a.
(2) The present experiments showed that mulching at the rate of more than 70kg/a was most effective when the amount of weed was little to moderate or in the case of weed control prior to broadcasting seed. In contrast, abundant to profuse weed proliferation under field conditions could not be readily controlled by cut-straw mulching.
(3) The combined herbicides of benthiocarb and prometryne (granules) were proved to be effective at a dosage of 24+2.4g/a active ingredient (300g/a manufactured product) when applied immediately after field drainage within two weeks before seeding wheat.View full abstractDownload PDF (771K) -
Hiroshi MATSUMOTO, Kozo ISHIZUKA1982 Volume 27 Issue 2 Pages 91-97
Published: August 26, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: December 17, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe effects of simetryne on the photosynthetic electron transport and photophosphorylation activities in chloroplasts isolated from rice (tolerant) and barnyardgrass (susceptible) plants were investigated. Simetryne severely inhibited the electron transport of photosystem II in both the chloroplasts as measured by O2 evolution (pI50 value was 7.3). No inhibition of photosystem I dependent electron transport was observed up to 10-4M simetryne. Non-cyclic photoposphorylation was inhibited by simetryne at the same concentration as in inhibition of photosystem II. Cyclic photophosphorylation was also inhibited, but not as severely as in non-cyclic reaction. The primary herbicidal action of simetryne seems to be inhibition of photosystem II and photophosphorylation. No differences were observed in the degree of inhibition between chloroplasts isolated from rice and barnayrdgrass among all photochemical reactions tested. It cannot therefore be considered that the selectivity of simetryne is caused by the difference in sensitivity of the chloroplasts.View full abstractDownload PDF (878K) -
Akio HONGO, Shinya IWAHASHI1982 Volume 27 Issue 2 Pages 98-102
Published: August 26, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: December 17, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSSpreading abilities of rhizomes of quackgrass (Agropyron repens (L.) Beauv.), Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.) and redtop (Agrostis alba (L.) Beauv.) were studied during 1979 to 1980. Shoots were planted on the 18th of May in 1979. Distribution of shoots produced, and number of tillers and inflorescences were measured. Rhizomes were obtained on October in the second year and length of rhizomes, and length and diameter of middle internode were measured.
1) In three grasses, occurrences of new shoots were inactive at the flowering time, followed by vigorous increase.
2) Sod area increased with increasing the number of new shoots.
3) Mean distance of total shoots from the planted center was longer in quackgrass than in the other two grasses.
4) Quackgrass produced long rhizomes and scattered shoots in large space. Redtop produced many short rhizomes and maintained high density of shoots in a sod. Kentucky bluegrass produced the least rhizomes and its reproductive capacity was the lowest.View full abstractDownload PDF (620K) -
Mikio KIMATA, Sadao SAKAMOTO1982 Volume 27 Issue 2 Pages 103-111
Published: August 26, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: December 17, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe interrelationship between the mode of reproduction and the habitat was compared in the common type and the early ecotype of Agropyron tsukushiense var. transiens and A. humidorum. Compared with the common type, the seeds of the early ecotype and A. humidorum maintained their germinating ability well even under submerged storage. Most culm segments of the common type and the early ecotype sprouted soon when stored in soil in July, while those of A. humidorum did so in September. These results agreed with the observation at the natural habitat, where the two species had grown sympatrically in fallow paddy fields in winter. The early ecotype was reproduced only by means of seeds since its stump died under submerged conditions because of the weak dormancy of the axillary buds. On the contrary, A. humidorum has a more positive adaptation to paddy fields on account of its reproduction by means of stumps or perennialized culms as well as by means of seeds.View full abstractDownload PDF (990K) -
Takahisa SUTO, Takuya KIKUCHI1982 Volume 27 Issue 2 Pages 112-120
Published: August 26, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: December 17, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe present studies dealt with the changes in the flora of Hachirogata reclaimed area, in which drainage operations were finished 12 years ago, and analysed those in the manpower required weeding paddy fileds in the area under consideration.
1) In 1978, 72 families and 330 species (incl. 4 varieties) were recorded in the central part of the area. Compared the current flora with the flora antidated the reclaimation, 13 families and 104 species increased.
2) During 12 years, Compositae, Gramineae, Leguminosae and Cyperus became enriched in the components, but a lot of weeds, ruderal and alien plants have recognized among them.
3) Owing to the increasing trend in alien plants, an emphasis should be put on particularly the importance of watching for their expansion within the whole area.
4) Although handweeding of Scirpus biconcovus and Echinochloa crus-galli var. crus-galli was time-consumed work for the eraly settler, the laborious expenses of weeding have been considerably reduced by herbicides and the mecahnization, and become the same as those of ordinary paddy-field-workers outside the area within a few years after the settlement began.View full abstractDownload PDF (1006K) -
Keitaro IKAI, Takao UEZONO, Hideaki OHTA, Kenji HAMADA, Fumitaka TANAK ...1982 Volume 27 Issue 2 Pages 121-125
Published: August 26, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: December 17, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn order to know the mode of herbicidal action of alloxydim, we investigated the effect of alloxydim on growth, chlorophyll content and anthocyanin accumulation in crabgass (Digitaria adscendens Henr.), and found the followings.
1) Alloxydim strongly inhibited the gains of top growth comparing with untreated control during the whole experiment period. Fresh weight was significantly decreased 5 days after treatment and thereafter.
2) Alloxydim affected more severely to top growth than to root growth.
3) Chlorophyll content decreased to about a half of initial concentration 3 days after treatment with alloxydim, and it continued to decrease reaching to about 1/5 at the 10th days.
4) It was observed that anthocyanin accumulated from 5 days after treatment with alloxydim, thereafter this accumulation rapidly increased untill the termination of the experiment. TLC study showed that there were 5 types of anthocyanin and those aglycones were determined as cyanidin by co-TLC.
5) From 10 days after treatment with alloxydim, abnormal roots like so called “Lion Tail Like Root” were observed.View full abstractDownload PDF (562K) -
Mas SUNDARU, Isamu BABA, Takeshi TANABE, Fujio TAMAI1982 Volume 27 Issue 2 Pages 126-135
Published: August 26, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: December 17, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESS1. The intensity of growth inhibition caused by 2, 4-D application, such as decrease in number of living leaves, degree of leaf greenness, and morphological injury were in the following order: Monochoria vaginalis>Rotala indica, Ammannia multiflora>Cyperus difformis>Echinochloa crus-galli.
2. Evolution of ethylene caused by 2, 4-D was greater in broad-leaf weeds, M. vaginalis, R. indica and A. multiflora than C. difformis, E. crus-galli and rice plants.
3. The growth inhibition and morphological injury caused by ethylene were less than caused by 2, 4-D. However, both inhibition and injury caused by 2, 4-D were increased by the addition, regardless of the kind of weed.
4. A part of the growth inhibition and morphological injury caused by 2, 4-D in broad-leaf weeds is assumed to be caused by ethylene evolution by the chemical stress.View full abstractDownload PDF (3081K) -
Kunikazu UEKI, Katsuichiro KOBAYASHI, Hitoshi SAKA, Minoru TAKABAYASHI ...1982 Volume 27 Issue 2 Pages 136-143
Published: August 26, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: December 17, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (1253K)
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