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Volume 36 (1991)
- Issue 4 Pages 307-
- Issue 3 Pages 201-
- Issue 2 Pages 97-
- Issue 1 Pages 1-
- Issue SupplI Pages 2-
Volume 36, Issue 1
Displaying 1-14 of 14 articles from this issue
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Hirofumi Yamaguchi, Shinya Umemoto1991 Volume 36 Issue 1 Pages 1-7
Published: April 08, 1991
Released on J-STAGE: December 17, 2009
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Shigeya Yamakawa1991 Volume 36 Issue 1 Pages 8-16
Published: April 08, 1991
Released on J-STAGE: December 17, 2009
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Koichi Yoneyama1991 Volume 36 Issue 1 Pages 17-26
Published: April 08, 1991
Released on J-STAGE: December 17, 2009
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Akira Ohno, Jong Yong Pyon, Kozo Ishizuka, Hiroshi Matsumoto1991 Volume 36 Issue 1 Pages 27-35
Published: April 08, 1991
Released on J-STAGE: December 17, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSEffect of root-applied bensulfuron methyl {3-(4, 6-dimethoxypyrimidin-2-yl)-1-[(2-methoxycarbonylbenzyl) sulfonyl] urea} on growth of five rice cultivars (Oryza sativa L. cv. Milyang 30, Shingwang, Sangpung, Shinseonchalbyeo, and Nihonbare) was investigated under applied concentrations of 10-6, 5×10-6 and 10-5M. Based on effects of the herbicide on growth of the plant parts (the 4th to 6th leaves and roots) which grew largely after its application, the order of sensitivity among tested cultivars to the herbicide is Nihonbare>Sangpung, Shinseonchalbyeo>Shingwag>>Milyang 30. Root absorption of the 14C-herbicide and translocation from roots to shoots were investigated at 10-6 and 10-5M concentrations. There was no clear relation between the absorption or the translocation rates and the growth inhibition. Metabolism of root-absorbed 14C-bensulfuron methyl was studied in four of the cultivars, excluding Shinseonchalbyeo. Milyang 30 and Shingwang had lower percentages of the parent compound in roots than Sangpung and Nihonbare; they also had higher percentages of O-demethyl bensulfuron methyl and water soluble metabolites than the latter two. In Milyang 30, bensulfuron methyl was less translocated from roots to shoots and largely degraded in roots, and these may contribute to its resistance. The low sensitivity of Shingwang may be related to its high degradation ability in roots, while in Nihonbare and Sangpung the rate of degradation of the herbicide was much lower than Milyang 30.View full abstractDownload PDF (994K) -
Yoshiharu Fujii, Mamoru Furukawa, Yoshihiko Hayakawa, Kazuo Sugahara, ...1991 Volume 36 Issue 1 Pages 36-42
Published: April 08, 1991
Released on J-STAGE: December 17, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSPlants with allelopathic properties were screened among Japanese medicinal plants using the lettuce seed germination and seedling growth tests and Fusarium oxysporum spore germination and hyphal growth tests. Plants with allelopathic properties were more frequently selected among these medicinal plants than among common crops and weeds. The strongest activity which was observed in Pulsatilla cernua (okina-gusa) and Crematis paniculata (sen-nin-sou), both Ranunculaceae, followed by Inula helenium (oo-guruma), Thymus vulgaris (French thyme), Ammi visnaga, Laurus nobilis (laurel) was manifested by both plant growth inhibition and fungicidal properties. Water extracts of Allium tuberosum and Allium sativa and methanol extracts of Glycyrrhizae glabra and Curcuma longa displayed a strong anti-fungal activity, but did not affect plant growth. On the other hand, Phytolacca americana, Cinnamomum sieboldii, and Mentha piperita exhibied a strong plant seed germination and seedling growth inhibition, but had no effect on fungi.View full abstractDownload PDF (790K) -
Yoshiharu Fujii, Tomoko Shibuya, Youzou Usami1991 Volume 36 Issue 1 Pages 43-49
Published: April 08, 1991
Released on J-STAGE: December 17, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTo assess the allelopathic effect of velvetbean (Mucuna pruriens var. utilis), the weed appearance and population in fields with continuous cropping of velvetbean and other crops were examined in spring. The effect of crude extracts of velvetbean leaves on the emergence and growth of some weeds and crops was also analyzed. The results obtained are summarized as follows
1. The weed population in fields after continuous cropping of velvetbean, upland rice, egg plant, and tomato plant was investigated in early spring. In the velvetbean plot, weed emergence was minimal, compared to the other plots, in which Cerastium glomeratum was the dominant weed (Table 1).
2. Weed emergence and growth in the soils of these plots were observed (Table 2). The weed population of the velvetbean plot was about 1/2 of that of the fallow plot and 1/4 of that of the plots with other crops. However weed growth was similar in these plots.
3. Emergence and growth of lettuce in the soils of these plots were observed during a two year period (Table 3). Although the emergence and hypocotyl length were not affected, radicle growth was reduced significantly in the plot with continuous cropping of velvetbean for 5 years. In the soil where velvetbean had been cultivated for one year, the growth of lettuce seedlings was not appreciably reduced.
4. The effect of crude methanol extracts of velvetbean leaves on the emergence and growth of some weeds and crops was analyzed (Table 4). At the concentration of 1, 000ppm, the growth of Cerastium glomeratum and lettuce was markedly reduced. It is considered that the presence of allelopathic chemicals may account for the small amount of weeds in the fields with continuous cropping of velvetbean.View full abstractDownload PDF (820K) -
Toshimi Tanaka, Masami Oyamada, Keiichi Igarashi, Yoshio Takasawa1991 Volume 36 Issue 1 Pages 50-57
Published: April 08, 1991
Released on J-STAGE: December 17, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSEffects of sunlight and soil microorganisms on the decomposition of optical isomers of naproanilide were investigated in relation to the plant growth-regulating activities. The results obtained are as follows:
1) Raphanus test, tomato-leaf epinasty test and root growth test were performed for the determination of the auxin activity. In all the tests, the activity was found to be high in the (+)-isomer and racemiç modification of naproanilide, but low in the (-)-isomer. In these tests, the auxin activity of the (+)-isomer of naproanilide was approximately 2.1 times as high as that of the racemic modification. In contrast, the auxin activity of the isomer of NOP, a decomposed product of naproanilide, was similar to that of each of the corresponding isomers of naproanilide, but the auxin activity of the (+)-isomer and racemic modification was higher than that of naproanilide (Fig. 1, 2 and 3), respectively.
2) In the herbicidal activity on various paddy weed, the (-)-isomer of naproanilide showed a herbicidal activity even at a dose of 20g (a.i./a). However the (+)-isomer showed a high herbicidal activity, which the racemic modification showed a moderate activity (Table 1).
3) Optical isomers and racemic modificatson of naproanilide were decomposed rapidly by exposure to sunlight with a half life of 11.2min for the (+)-isomer, 11.2min for the (-)-isomer and 10.8min for the racemic modification, showing no significant differences in the photolysis of these compounds (Table 2).
4) The racemic modification of naproanilide in soil-water under sterile conditions was hardly decomposed. which the (+)-isomer and racemic modification of naproanilide in soil-water under non terile conditions were arpidly decomposed after an interval of period about 48hr, and about 72hr in the case of the (-)-isomer. Thus there was a clear difference in the rate of microbial decomposition of the optical isomers in the soil suspension (Fig. 4).View full abstractDownload PDF (2606K) -
Masanobu Nakata1991 Volume 36 Issue 1 Pages 58-67
Published: April 08, 1991
Released on J-STAGE: December 17, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe properties of acetolactate and acetoin producing systems were studied using several plant species at different growth stages. The effects of herbicide chlorsulfuron on the correlation between these systems and plant growth were investigated, and the methods for determining acetolactate formed during the enzyme assay were evaluated.
None of the plant species was inhibited in germination of seeds by chlorsulfuron. Growth and the acetolactate synthase (ALS) activity of rice and wheat were inhibited by chlorsulfuron, whereas growth of mungbean, soybean and azuki bean was not inhibited during the 4 days after germination. It was concluded that the chlorsulfuron-insensitivity of soybean depended on the contents of both ALS and acetoin forming enzyme: the content of ALS in soybean during the early days after germination was very low, whereas that of acetoin forming enzyme was very high. The enzyme which formed acetoin in soybean had optimum pH at 6 and this decreased with growth; ALS which had optimum pH at 7-8 began to increase from the 5 days after germination. The gas chromatographic method was used to determine acetolactate synthesized from pyruvate and acetohydroxybutyrate (AHB) synthesized from pyruvate and ketobutyrate during the enzyme assay. AHB synthesis in the enzyme assay was inhibited by chlorsulfuron at the same concentration as inhibited acetolactate synthesis. Acetolactate, acetoin and pyruvate were separated by high performance liquid chromatography using authentic compounds, but no acetolactate was present in a detectable amount in the enzyme reaction products.View full abstractDownload PDF (1039K) -
Junya Mizutani, Akihiko Yamane1991 Volume 36 Issue 1 Pages 68-73
Published: April 08, 1991
Released on J-STAGE: December 17, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe glucosinolates (glucohirsutin, 4-methoxyglucobrassicin and deoxyglucohirsutin) were isolated as desulfoglucosinolates from 80% vol/vol ethanol extract of the roots of kireha-inugarashi. The content of glucohirsutin and deoxyglucohirsutin increased during the vegetative growing stage and the reproductive growing stage in the roots, while 4-methoxyglucobrassicin content increased in the roots only during the vegetative growing stage. The remarkable increase in content of glucosinolates in the aerial parts observed at the end of the reproductive growing stage may be the result of the abundant content of glucosinolates in flowers and seeds. 4-Methoxyindole-3-acetonitrile produced by hydrolysis of 4-methoxyglucobrassicin showed the Raphanus root formation activity. 4-Methoxyglucobrassicin was thus concluded to be one of the factors involved in root formation in the propagation of kireha-inugarashi.View full abstractDownload PDF (615K) -
Keiko Nakatani, Tokuichi Kusanagi1991 Volume 36 Issue 1 Pages 74-81
Published: April 08, 1991
Released on J-STAGE: December 17, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe effect of photoperiod and temperature on the growth, especially heading or flower bud appearance of 13 species of the main upland weeds in the Kanto plain was investigated using a phytotron.
The results are as follows;
1) Thirteen species were classified into 3 photoperiodic groups, as follows;
Qualitative short-day weeds; Chenopodium album L., C. album L. var. centrorubrum Makino
Quantitative short-day weed; Setaria viridis Beauv., Digitaria ciliaris, Echinochloa crus-galli Beauv., Cyperus microiroa, Amaranthus patulus, Eclipta prostrata L.
Day-neutral weeds; Portulaca oleracea L., Polygonum persicaria L., Eleusine indica, Amaranthus lividus L., Commelina communis L.
The number of days from seeding to flower bud appearance was reduced by short daylength conditions in Portulaca oleracea and Polygonum persicaria within the day-neutral group.
2) The morphological growth type changed significantly in the qualitative short-day and quantitative short-day groups under different daylength conditions. The number of branches or ears increased and the plant length or stem length decreased under short daylength conditions in the qualitative short-day and quantitative short-day groups. Opposite results were observed under long daylength conditions.
On the other hand, the changes of the morphological growth type under different daylength conditions were not as conspicuous in the day-neutral group.
3) The number of days from seeding to heading or flower bud appearance was reduced in the plot under short daylength conditions during some time after seeding following long daylength conditions compared with long daylength conditions after seeding following short daylength conditions, and the top dry weight increased remarkably in the latter plot.
4) The number of days from seeding to heading or flower bud appearance increased under low temperature conditions such as 15°C as compared to 20 or 30°C.
5) The relationship between the photoperiodic response and basic vegetative growth or reproductive effort was discussed.View full abstractDownload PDF (2952K) -
Masayuki Kataoka, Kenji Kataoka1991 Volume 36 Issue 1 Pages 82-84
Published: April 08, 1991
Released on J-STAGE: December 17, 2009
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Tadashi Sumiyoshi, Keiichiro Suzuki, Youichi Sato, Jiro Harada1991 Volume 36 Issue 1 Pages 85-86
Published: April 08, 1991
Released on J-STAGE: December 17, 2009
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Hirohiko Morita, Hiroyoshi Omokawa, Hiroaki Watanabe, Keiko Nakatani1991 Volume 36 Issue 1 Pages 87-91
Published: April 08, 1991
Released on J-STAGE: December 17, 2009
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Hiroshi Tsuyuzaki, Hiroyoshi Omokawa, Kazuyuki Matsuo, Shigeru Takayan ...1991 Volume 36 Issue 1 Pages 92-96
Published: April 08, 1991
Released on J-STAGE: December 17, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (629K)
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