In order to expand the serial studies already published in the 1st, 2nd and 3rd report, the author has undertaken this study which consists in supravital staining and the histological observation. When the "lymphon allergy" takes place, there is lymphocytosis, increase of young lymphocytes, appearance of lymphoblasts with concomitant degeneration, increase of the average mitochondria count, but no change occurs as to erythrocytes, reticulocytes, thrombocytes and leukocytes (except for lymphocytes). The number of plasma cells present in the peripheral blood becomes very few, while that in bone marrow shows a great increase. As to the histological findings, the lymphatic tissues of lymphonodes, tonsils, spleen, lungs and liver were found to be affected, but there was almost no appreciable change in other organs and tissues.

View full abstract

Authois studies on the patterns of venous wave obtained from a patient of relative tricuspid regurgitation established that the auricular suction mechanism was present even in such condition, and that suctionpower depended upon the strength of ventricular systole.

View full abstract

(1) the curves of the hypertrophied ventricle in Standardized Local Leads are characterized by increased amplitude of the initial deflection and delayed intrinsic deflection on the epicardial side (the praecordium and the diaphragmatic and basal ventricular portion in esophageal leads), and the increased amplitude of the electronegative initial deflection on the endocardial side (r. praecordium for the l. ventricle; l. praecordium and the lower auricular portion in the esophagus for the r. ventricle). (2) The T wave over the hypertrophied ventricle is inverted, when muscular hypertrophy occurs to a marked degree. This change of the final deflection may be considered as the result of increased polarization of the cell and tissue membrane by the organic changes (increase and thickness of connective tissue etc.), according to "Chain-doublets Theory (Maekawa)". When muscular hypertrophy is accompanied with relative lack of oxygen, the R-ST junction is deviated. (3) Studies of relationship between the limb lead patterns and Standardized Local Lead patterns on ventricular hypertrophy gave the conclusion that limb lead patterns are determined by (I) the magnitude of the potential, (ii) the conduction modus and (iii) the spatial position of each ventricle, and that, therefore, ventricular hypertrophy should be judged by Standardized Local Leads.

View full abstract

As an excellent theory related to electrocardiogram, there has developed the "Chain-Doublet Theory" of Maekawa in Japan. This theory, established by Maekawa and his coworkers yet leaves many problems to be discussed in detail. Some discussions about "Chain-Doublet Theory" are undertaken in this paper. In the "Chain-Doublet Theory", the electrocardiographic tracing is analysed in three separate stages: 1) spreading stadium of excitation, 2) continuous stadium of excitation and 3) diastolic stadium. The theoretic formulae representing the tracings of these three stadia were introduced by Hayase from equivalent circuit as follows. 1).Spreading stadium of excitation [numerical formula] (1) 2).Continuous stadium of excitation [numerical formula] (2) 3).Diastolic stadium. [numerical formula] (3) (φ(t); potential variation in tissue membrane, Φ(t); potential variation at given point out of tissue membrane. A=C-mR, B=(1+R/(R_m)), C_m; electric capacitance of tissue membrane, R_m; electric resistance of tissue membrane, R; electric resistance of volume conductor, φ(t)_<s→α>; value of φ(t)_s at the end of spreading stadium) These formulae are not applicable to obtain the potential variation of given point on body surface, while the electrical phenomena of heart are generated in three dimentional area. But in a certain current circuit we can suppose the presence of such equivalent circuit as the one shown by Hayase. When we trace these three formulae, we will find that the postulation of these formulae is contradictory in that the luci are all independent from one another and are interruptted between any two stadia. This contradiction can be attributed to the fact that the subject was not treated as the electrical transient phenomenon. Among these three equations, the equation (1) is right because it starts from zero-point. But equation (2) must be corrected as follows, [numerical formula] (2') where V_<m1> is the potential drop due to the impeadance of tissue membrane at time t_1, t is the time interval from t_1 to a given instant. After a certain value of t, φ(t)_<S→α> takes a constant value φ(t)_<s→α>(1-1/B). If we accept the assumption of Hayase that the electrical moment disappears rapidly following formula φ(t)_<s→α^&ell;>^<νt> after the time t_2 equation (3) must be corrected as follows [numerical formula] (3') where V_<m2> is the potential drop due to membrane impeadance at time t_2, and t is the time interval from t_2 to a given instant. From these three corrected equations we can obtain a continued curve from beginning to end. But the potential valiation in diastolic stadium may not be so simple as represented by equation (3'). The fact that the QT interval is easily changed by warming or cooling the heart suggests that in diastolic stadium disappear the dipoles gradually in order like in spreading stadium of excitation. So when we note the potential variation in tissue membrane φ(t)_d as a common formula, the equation (3') must be corrected as follows. [numerical formula] (3'')

View full abstract

Cardiac metabolism has been histherto, investigated mainly in the heart-lung preparation, isolated heart, and in the slices or homogenates of the heart muscles, nut unfortunately these conditions of the experiments were far from the natural sates of the living body. In this article, the metabolism of normal healthy dog's heart, eating in situ, as studied by the method of coronary sinus catheterization, which method was established by Goodale and his co-workers in 1948, together with the influences of various cardiac glycosides (digitoxin, digicorin, g-strophanthin and digoxin) on the cardiac metabolism are presetned Results were as follows. 1. In the normal healthy anesthetized dog, O_2 content of the coronary sinus blood was extremely low as compared with that of the systemic vein, and coronary O_2 A-V difference was surprisingly high with an average of 12.72 volume per cent, and coronary CO_2 V-A difference showed also high value. These results indicate the high level of the O_2 consumption and CO_2 production by the heart. No significant difference was found between the levels of the blood sugar in arterial and in coronary sinus blood. Lactate and pyruvate content of coronary sinus was mostly lower than that of the arterial blood, thus suggesting the utilization of these substances by the heart. 2. In the dogs given digitoxin or digicorin, intravenously coronary O_2 A-V difference and CO_2 V-A difference showed an increase from 45 to 90 minutes after the injection of the drugs. This fact suggests the augmentation of O_2 usage and CO_2 production by the heart caused by the administration of these drugs. Coronary A-V difference of the blood sugar showed no significant increase while the decrease of lactate content in coronary sinus was mostly observed after the injection. 3. In the dog given g-strophanthin or digoxin, coronary O_2 A-V difference and CO_2 V-A difference showed a conciderable decrease from 45 to 90 minutes after the injection, suggesting the decline of the O_2 consumption and CO_2 production by the heart. Coronary A-V difference of the blood sugar showed a tendency to increase. This result suggests that the utilization of the blood sugar by the heart is increased by the administration of these drugs. Decrease of lactate content in the coronary sinus, which was brought about by the administration of digitoxin or digicorin, was not marked. 4. It is very interesting that the cardiac glycosides can be divided into two groups from the view point of their effect on the cardiac metabolism, digitoxin and digicorin in one group and g-strophanthin and digoxin in the other.

View full abstract