Based on our method for the qualitative test for steriod hormones by paper chromatography Fujisaki, et al.(1953) the quantitative determinations of several steroids were investigated. It was found that within a certain range of the amount the logarithms of each spot area of estrone, α-estradiol, dehydroepiandrosterone, Δ⁵-androstendiol, methyltestosterone, mcthylandrostendiol and androstane-17β-ol-3-one were directly proportional to the logarithms of the amount of the hormone, thus rendering the quantitative assay possible.

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1. Insulin-urinary sugar equivalent for one unit of insulin was found as 5.5gm of glucose in alloxan dog and as 2.8gm glucose in pancreatectomized dog. The daily dosage of insulin requirement was calculated as 23.4 units for alloxan diabetic and 11.6 units for pancreatectomized dog.
2. The fasting blood sugar level of pancreatectomized dog showed definitely high sensitivity to the action of insulin, but no sensitivity was demonstrated in alloxan diabetic dog.
3. The levels of blood sugar and glycosuria were elevated and the higher insulin dosage was required when ACTH or cortisone was administered, but the less dosage of insulin was required in the case of DOC. Also it was clarified that, under the experimental condition, ACTH and cortisone have a contrainsulin effect and DOC showed an insulin effect.
4. The elevated blood sugar level by the daily administration of ACTH and cortisone continued its high level for over 7 days from the time of withdrawal of the hormones in alloxan diabetic dogs, while blood sugar value was lowered immediately after the withdrawal of the hormones in pancreatectomized dogs, though concerning glycosuria, there was no difference noted between the two types of diabetes.
5. Signiffiant difference was found that the fasting blood sugar level in alloxan diabetic dog was indifferent to insulin treatment, and the effect of ACTH and cortisone remained long when the administration of these hormones was stopped in alloxan diabetic dog, suggesting the enhanced production of contrainsulin in the endocrine system in alloxan diabetic dog.

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1) The influence of mesoxalate and various hormones, when added into the medium or administered to the animal previously to the experiments, on the glucose balance of the medium and glycogen formation in liver slices underthe glycogenetic and glycogenolytic ionic environments of the incubating medium were investigated.
2) Under the glycogenolytic environment, the addition of mesoxalate or mesoxalate with insulin into the medium caused a slight decreased or no effect on the glycogen synthesis in normal and alloxan liver slices, while, under the glycogenetic environment the added mesoxalate showed an increased effect in normal animal, while decreased effect on the glycogen synthesis in alloxan.
3) Daily administration of mesoxalate previous to the experiment, resulted in an inhibition against glycogenolysis-somewhat for the normal and more for the alloxan animal. A marked decrease in the glucose appearance into the medium was found under the glycogenolytic condition and under the glycogenetic condition there were marked increased glycogenesis in normal liver slices.
4) Under the glycogenolytic ionic composition, the addition of insulin or adrenalin into the medium, which was shown to be inhibitory on the glycogen formation, caused no definite effect in the case of adrenalin pretreatment, and a depressive effect in insulin pretreatment on the glycogen formation, whilst under the condition of glycogenesis large amounts of glycogen were produced in the slices with insulin or adrenalin previously injected.
5) No change or certain glycogenolysis took place by the addition of DOCA or ACTH into the medium, and glycogenolysis was inhibited by cortisone. In the experiment of the pretreatment with cortisone under the glycogenolytic or even under the glycogenesic environment a marked glycogenolysis was seen in both the normal and alloxan liver slices. With ACTH pretreatment a marked promoting effect on the formation of glycogen was observed under the glycogenetic condition in alloxan and somewhat less in normal liver slices were seen.
6) It is interesting to compare these results on the liver slices with those on the diaphragm; two particular points were observed, firstly the results on glycogen synthesis in the liver slices and diaphragm of the ACTH pretreated animal were quite similar to the result on the one of the adrenalin pretreated: secondly, in the animals pretreated with cortisone a definite discrepancy on the glycogen formation was observed between the liver slices and diaphragm.

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Milk-ejection responses to whole posterior pituitary extracts, to tap stimuli and the effects of adrenaline on these responses were studied in anaesthetized lactating rabbits.
Intravenous injection of the whole posterior pituitary extracts caused the ejection response after latent period of about 10-30 sec. Total duration of the response was 35-300 sec.
Latency, duration and magnitude of the responses varied markedly not only from animal to animal but for each animal.
One to 2 sec. after the application of tap stimuli, ejection responses occurred and lasted for about 30 sec. Type of these responses was quite alike to that evoked by 10-25mU. of whole posterior pituitary extracts.
Five μg of adrenaline suppressed the ejection response to whole posterior pituitary extracts, when administered before the injection of oxytocic substances.
But the responses to tap stimuli were not affected by adrenaline administration.
These observations confirmed the findings obtained by Cross (1953, 1954, 1955), and Cross and Harris (1953).

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In the present experiment, changes of percentage of leucocytes in the adult chicken blood induced by ACTIH injection and histological changes of lymphoid tissues and adrenals in the young chick induced by formaldehyde stressor, were examined.
Hematological changes: Relative heterophilia and lymphopenia were observed in the treated chicks which were injected with 10mg of ACTH intravenously or intraperitoneally, and were not observed in the chickens injected with the same dose of ACTH intramuscularly or subcutaneously. It was found that pricking of comb has some stressor agentical effect upon blood in the fowl, and also it was suggested that Selye's stress concept should be applicable to the chicken.
Histological changes: Single comb white leghorn cockerels 3-4 weeks old were used. They were injected with 1 cc of 4% formaldehyde intramuscularly 3times during 36hours. They were sacri ficed at the end of the period of 12hours after the last injection. The decrease in weights of thymus, spleen and bursa Fabricii and hypertrophy of adrenal gland were observed. Histologically, in the thymus of the treated chicks, the thymocytes of the thymus cortex drained into medulla, so that the demarcation between cortex and medulla became unvisible, and naked reticular cells appeared in the thymus cortex. The number of Hassal-body increased relatively, and the PAS positive degenerating intercellular granules also seemed to increase in their number. In the speen, severe involution of the lymph follicle in the white pulp, and heteropoiede in the red pulp were observed.
Hyperplasia, hypertrophy, mitotic figures of the interrenal cells and loss of chromaffin substances in the chromaffiiin cells were observed in the adrenal gland. In the bursa Fabricii, though involutic change of the follicles was observed, other striking changes could not be confirmed histologically or cytologically. From these facts, it could not be decided whether the bursa Fabricii is a true lymphoid organ or not.
These changes were comparable to those in mammals, and function of bursa Fabricii were discussed in the present parper.

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1. In the glycogen formation the isolated diaphragm of normal rat showed better response than that of alloxan rat.
2. The glucose utilization and glycogen synthesis by normal and alloxan rat diaphragm were increased by the addition of insulin, where insulin 10-² or 1 unit was added into the medium during the incubation.
3. The addition of mesoxalate alone or combined with insulin into the medium, no change in glucose utilization or glycogen synthesis was observed, while the diaphragm of the animal pretreated with mesoxalate showed increased responses on the glucose uptake in normal rats and the glycogen synthesis in alloxan rats.
4. The normal diaphragm produced marked amounts of glycogen by the previous injection of insulin or cortisone, but the similar treatment with ACTH or DOCA showed no change in glycogen formation. The addition of insulin into the medium caused decreased insulin effect with the previously cortisone treated rats, and for this case we may suggest the diaphragm by this treatment may become hyposensitive for added insulin.
5. The addition of insulin into the medium, in the case of pretreatment of mesoxalate or ACTH to the normal or alloxan animals, and in the case of cortisone injected alloxan diaphragm, the insulin effect both on the glucose uptake and glycogen synthesis were increased.
6. It is of interest that the alloxan diaphragm with all the cases of pretreatment of mesoxalate and pituitary adrenal cortical hormones showed increased insulin effect both on the glucose uptake and glycogen formation by adding insulin into the medium.
From these findings, it would be suggested that in the alloxan diaphragm the endocrine balance is altered, and there is some factor, which makes the tissue hypersensitive to insulin.

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