JOGMEC's official name is supposed to be changed to "Japan Organization for Metals and Energy Security" on 14th November 2022 according to the coming into effect of revised JOGMEC Act". Furthermore, JOGMEC is supposed to be added its functions of equity investment for production and storage of hydrogen and ammonia, as well as for carbon dioxide capture and storage（CCS）. Technical business strategy is being updated to accommodate with current situation in terms of energy security and carbon neutral requirements.

INPEX has been growing as an oil and gas upstream company. Its core business is exploration, development and production of oil and gas. The current business environment has been dramatically changing reflecting the global response to climate change and transition to a low-carbon society, and the impact of the global pandemic of COVID-19 as well as the geopolitical factors. It is not easy to survive in this circumstance, however, these challenges can be opportunities to expand the business area.

In February 2022, INPEX announced "Long-term Strategy and Medium-term Business Plan（INPEX Vision @2022）," conveying its plans to become a leading company supplying diverse energy sources stably by maintaining its focus on making oil and gas cleaner while proactively engaging in new business areas, namely hydrogen/ammonia, carbon capture and storage/carbon capture, utilization and storage（CCS/CCUS）, renewable energy, carbon recycling/new business （INPEX calls "5 net zero businesses"）and forest conservation towards 2050.

Based on the long-term strategy, INPEX has developed "INPEX Corporate Technical Strategy", which consists of three main streams,（i）oil and gas,（ii）CCS/CCUS, geothermal power generation where its knowledge and experience on the oil and gas business can be utilized, and（iii）R&D to realize carbon neutral. With regard to resources,（ i ） and（ii）are managed with the existing resources, while（iii）requires new resources. In order to progress the R&D, INPEX established "INPEX Research Hub for Energy Transformation"（I-REHX）, which serves as a hub for industry- government-academia networks involved in the development and advancement of clean energy technologies.

JAPEX formulates "JAPEX2050", which provides an outline of the responsibilities and challenges that JAPEX, as a comprehensive energy company, must take on in order to achieve the goal of net-zero CO₂ emissions by 2050 worldwide. Recognizing that oil and natural gas will remain as one of the major energy sources worldwide, JAPEX aims to supply oil and natural gas by combining carbon dioxide capture and storage/carbon dioxide capture, utilization and storage（CCS/CCUS）with expanding renewable energy, in order to achieve a carbon-neutral society. JAPEX realizes CCS/CCUS is expected to be the game changer for net CO₂ emissions reductions. JAPEX targets early implementation and commercialization of CCS/CCUS, and JAPEX launches CCS/CCUS prototype projects by hub and cluster model, which is CCS/CCUS networks that link multiple CO₂ emission sources and CO₂ storage sites including carbon recycling business, in Japan by 2030. JAPEX utilizes existing oil and gas fields in addition to deep saline aquifers as CO₂ storage sites. For overseas, JAPEX plans to participate in CCS/CCUS projects in systematically advanced areas such as North America and Europe, and participate in feasibility studies on CCS/CCUS in emerging countries. From a technical perspective, CCS, especially Storage, can gain benefit from technologies developed in oil and gas industries. The concept of enhanced storage capacity can be recognized as an analogy to enhanced oil recovery.

One of the ENEOS Group’s envisioned goals stated in Long-Term Vision to 2040 is contributing to the achievement of a low-carbon, recycling-oriented society. In May 2020, the ENEOS Group announced its intent to achieve the carbon neutral status in its own emissions by promoting renewable energy, CO₂-free hydrogen, EV, and other aspects of mobility business. ENEOS Group has established this new plan in consideration of changes in domestic and international circumstances, including the Japanese government’s CO₂ reduction targets and international discussions regarding carbon neutrality standards. In this newly established plan, ENEOS Group aims to reduce the Scope 1 and Scope 2 CO₂ emissions of the ENEOS Group for realization of net zero by FY2040 and to reduce CO₂ emissions by 46％ against the FY2013 level by FY2030 while fulfilling our responsibility to provide a stable supply of energy. To achieve this goal, ENEOS Group will take the lead in CCS and contribute to a stable supply of energy and carbon neutrality. ENEOS Group will take on the challenge of beginning largescale CCS in 2030 by joining forces with businesses that emit CO₂ and by collaborating and coordinating with construction, equipment, and transportation companies.

Methane-Hydrate（MH）, has been considered as a new resource of natural gas in the future. However, in the past several field production tests, serious sand problems occurred during the depressurization, because the sand grains in shallow formations without intensive compaction lost their solidarity, separated from each other, fluidized and migrated into the production well. To solve this problem, we proposed a method to stabilize a MH reservoir by grout material, and have verified its potential through a series of experiments using TBAB hydrate under normal pressure in our past research. However, in the case of real MH reservoirs, MH dissociation would occur during the grout operation, generating methane gas in pore spaces, which may interfere with grout injection, or push the grout materials in the pores back to the wellbore. Since TBAB hydrate does not generate any gas during its decomposition, we tried to use iso-Butane and its hydrate（i-BH）as a new alternative hydrate, which can be generated at a much lower pressure condition than MH. In this research, we developed the experimental apparatus system that can generate i-BH cores with accurate saturations, inject inhibitor and/or grout materials and measure their physical properties. Then we conducted a series of experiments to investigate the behavior associated with gas generated during chemical injection, including the change in gas and liq- uid production rates. Finally, we measured the physical properties of the grouted i-BH cores after curing in the presence of generated gas, such as permeabilities and mechanical strengths. As the result, the generation of gas phase did inter- fere with chemical injections, push the grout materials out of the cores, and cause heterogeneities like wormholes, but the grouted i-BH cores still had sufficient permeabilities and approximately reached 2/3 strengths of non-gas generated cores at the same operation conditions.

In this paper, we focused on distributed acoustic sensing（DAS）surface wave records excited by ambient noise（e.g. ocean waves and human activities）to study the possibility of shallow monitoring for carbon capture and storage（CCS）projects. First, we estimated the change in phase velocity based on some assumed leakage cases by modeling. In addition, we modeled the surface wave records for different lengths of receiver lines to study the monitoring depth sensitivity qualitatively. Using the field DAS passive records, we studied the stability of the phase velocity estimation during periods without events such as CCS injection. We also compared the difference between the phase velocity estimation methods and the difference between DAS records or geophone records. Through the modeling and the field data analysis, we found that we could estimate the phase velocity stably enough. It might suggest the possibility of leakage detection by surface waves. However, we should note that the phase velocity change in modeling depends on our assumptions, such as porosity or CO₂ saturation. Moreover, it might be desirable to discuss the stability of phase velocity estimation using a longer period of data（e.g. 1 year）.