The left coronary perfusion technique was applied in the study of the Bezold-Jarisch reflex in dogs, with special reference to the coronary pressoreflex which had been previously described by Okinaka et al. The present findings indicate that the receptors of the coronary pressoreflex differ in location from those of the Bezold-Jarisch reflex, and the anterior ventricular nerves participate as the afferent pathway in both reflexes. The efferent cardio-inhibitory fibers of the Bezold-Jarisch reflex were found to run through the AH-rootlets apart from the afferent fibers in the main trunk of the vagus nerve.

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Although there are four main characteristic electrocardiographic changes in ventricular hypertrophy which have been figured as high voltage of QRS complex, delayed ventricular activation time, ST and T change, changes in QRS pattern, any one of which as most reliable than others is yet inconclusive. The current study was undertaken to assess the significance of ventricular activation time (VAT) in the diagnosis of left ventricular hypertrophy. Methods : To provide the diagnostic criteria based upon VAT for left ventricular hypertrophy, examined 100 normal electrocardiograms, recorded with high speed (100 mm/sec.) and measured QRS interval and VAT in V_{5, 6}. At present, however, no uniformity concerning the point for the onset of the intrinsicoid deflection is inconclusive. Therefore, we used three points which we considered to be reasonable as the onset of the intrinsicoid deflection. The point "a" is the peak of R wave, the "VAT-a" was measured from the onset of QRS to the point "a". "c" is the point which the downstroke of R wave cross over the zero line, then measured time was called "VAT-c". The point "b" is an onset point of steep intrinsicoid deflection ("VAT-b"). (Fig. 1) The positivities of ΣLVP and VAT criteria were compared in 105 cases of clinical hypertensive subjects and 18 cases with autopsy proved left ventricular hypertrophy. This will be acceptable, because these two criteria were determined at around normal upper limit (P₉₈) in percentile distribution, assuming their false positivities will be the same (2%).

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The development of renal clearance tests and renal vein catheterization have made it possible to study the renal hemodynamics of normal individuals and patients with various diseases in a resting condition. The renal hemodynamic response to acute induced hypoxemia has been studied in normal individuals by some investigators. However, there has been no report on renal hemodynamic response to acute induced hypoxemia of patients with pulmonary tuberculosis, hypertension or nephrosclerosis.. The author subjected normal individuals and patients with various diseases to low oxygen respiration with the intention of studying its influence on renal hemodynamics in moderate arterial hypoxemia (the mean arterial oxygen saturation was 60-70%). Materials and Methods The renal clearance of 26 human subjects including healthy individuals (6 cases) and patients with mild or moderate pulmonary tuberculosis (6 cases), hypertension (9 cases) and nephrosclerosis (5 cases) were investigated. The renal vein catheterization study was performed in 18 of these cases which included healthy individuals (5 cases) and patients with mold on moderate pulmonary tuberculosis (5 cases), hypertension (5 cases) and nephrosclerosis (3 cases). Human subjects in the resting condition were made to inhale a 10% oxygen gas mixture for 20 minutes. Intravenous infusions of PAH and STS were done with a constant-speed syringe pump. The author used the Takagi's method for the determination of PAH and the Claus-Brun's method for STS. Results A) Renal hemodynamics in the resting condition: 1) The effective renal blood flow (eff. RBF) were within the normal limit in healthy individuals (group I) and patients with mild (group II A) or moderate (group II B) pulmonary tuberculosis but in hypertension (group III) a slight reduction was seen and it was remarkably decreased in nephrosclerosis (group IV). The behavear of the true renal blood flow (TRBF) was the same as the eff. RBF in all four groups. Therefore, the reduction of the RBF paralleled proportionally the renal functional disturbance. The glomerular filtration rate (GFR) took the normal range in groups I, II and III. In group IV a significant reduction of GFR was seen. The filtration fraction (FF) showed normal values in groups I and II A but significant increases were seen in groups II B, III and IV. 2) No significant deviation of E_^lt;PAH^gt; were seen in groups I, II and III. In group IV a slight fall of E_^lt;PAH^gt; was observed. The total renal resistance (TRR) showed normal values in groups I and II and a significantly high value in group IV. 3) There were significantly correlations between the TRR and the true FF. 4) The reduction of TRBF was due to the increase of TRR. B) Renal hemodynamic response in acute induced hypoxemia: The arterial oxygen saturation in this investigation dropped moderately: in group I the mean arterial oxygen saturation was 60.2%, group II A 63.8%, GROUP II B 68.4%, GROUP III 65.2% and group IV 65.2%: 1) The moderate or remarkable increase of the eff. RBF were seen in group I (+16.3%), group II A (+42.5%) and group III (+14.3%). In group II B (-19.9%) and group IV (-53.1%) the eff. RBF moderately diminished. The TRBF showed distinctly the same response to hypoxemia as the behavear of the eff. RBF.

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Our department has been engaged in studies concerning the effect of induce hypoxemia on visceral circulation and metabolism. the author has attempted to clarify the attitude of renal gas metabolism in normal individuals and in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis, hypertension and nephrosclerosis, as a part of this series of studies. Methods and Materials The renal venous catheterization and renal clearance methods were employed simultaneously while 10% O₂ inhalation was carried out. Before and after the low oxygen gas inhalation, determinations of oxygen metabolism and other values were obtained. The results were analysed and compared between the various groups. Group I···Normal individuals: 5 cases Group II···Plumonary tuberculosis: 5 cases (who were scheduled for surgery) Group IIa···2 patients with percent vital capacity above 80% Group IIb···3 patients with percent vital capacity within 70-80% Group III···Hypertension: 5 cases Blood pressure 168-184/95-136 mm Hg, Albuminuria (-) P.S.P. test normal or slightly subnormal, Keith-Wagener IIa-IIb degree Group IV···Nephrosclerosis: 3 cases Blood pressure 170-194/96-106 mm Hg. P.S.P. test moderately disturbed, Keith-Wagener IIb-III degree In this abstract the values obtained in 5 groups studied will be written in the order indicated above. The values are the average of each group. Results A. Renal oxygen metabolism during a resting state. 1) Renal oxygen availability: 216.5 cc/min., 209.0 cc/min., 203.9 cc/min., 158.0 cc/min. and 133.9 cc/min. 2) Renal arterial-venous oxygen content difference: 1.8 vol.%, 2.2 vol.%, 2.3 vol.%, 2.3 vol.% and 1.9 vol.%. 3) Renal oxygen extraction ratio: 11.1%, 12.4%, 12.1%, 14.0% and 10.3%. 4) Renal oxygen consumption: 23.8 cc/min., 25.6 cc/min., 24.2 cc/min, . 22.1 cc/min. and 12.9 cc/min. B. Renal oxygen metabolism during induced hypoxemia. Oxygen saturation of arterial blood during 10% oxygen inhalation: 61.2%, 63.6%, 64.1%, 66.1% and 58.3%. Thus, the O₂ saturation range approximately between 66-58%. Here, the oxygen metabolic values of each group were as follows. 1) Renal oxygen availability: 177.8 cc/min., 214.0 cc/min., 113.9 cc/min., 130.3 cc/min. and 42.3 cc/min. The percentage increase or decrease: -18.7%, +3.5%, -44.0%, -18.5% and -69.5% respectively. 2) Renal arterial-venous oxygen content difference: 1.6 vol.%, 1.2 vol.%, 2.6 vol.%, 1.7 vol.% and 1.5 vol.%. the percentage increase or decrease: -16.9%, -42.1%, +13.1%, -25.3% and -21.3% respectively. 3)Renal oxygen extraction ratio: 14.9%, 10.0%, 19.9%, 15.4% and 13.5%. the percentage increase or decrease: +31.1%, -15.8%, +65.3%, +19.8% and +30.2% respectively. 4) Renal oxygen consumption: 23.9% cc/min., 21.5 cc/min., 22.2 cc/min., 19.0 cc/min, and 5.1 cc/min. the percentage increase or decrease: +1.2%, -15.2%, -8.0%, -11.7% and -61.1% respectively.s

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