Rats kidneys were subjected to subcellular fractionation according to SHIBKO and TAPPEL and 0.9 per cent saline extracts of four subcellular fractions were assayed for vasoactive principles. Two different vasoactive principles have been detected in lysosomal extract in highest concentration. One is the hemoconcentrating substance (HCS) which induces transitory hyper-erythrocythemia and hyperproteinemia by systemic administration. It is heat labile and antihistamine refractory. Another is the vascular permeability factor which provokes protein bound dye leakage by intradermal injection. It is heat stable and suppressed by antihistamine. It is suggested that hemoconcentration is induced by ultrafiltration in capillary beds due to increased hydrostatic pressure in consequence of venular constriction. The results of the present study are compatible with the assumption that HCS is renin, as well as the vascular permeability factor is the Permeability Increasing Factor. Possible involvement of kidney lysosomes in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases including essential hypertension and congestive heart failure is discussed.

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This study was performed to determine the effects of the different solutions upon the intra- and extra-cellular fluid space of skeletal and cardiac muscle after 60 minutes of total cardio-pulmonary bypass with bubble type of oxygenating system used. And a new priming solution "LMDAS" for hemodilution technique of extracorporeal circulation was made, which has effects to improve the body fluid of heart disease patients from the points of colloid osmolarity, viscosity and electrolyte compositions.

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Pulmonary physiologically, diffusing capacity (DL) is described as the product of diffusing coefficient (K) and alveolar diffusing area (A), not as physical diffusing coefficient, because of treating the gas exchange through the alveolar membrane. The purpose of measurements of diffusing capacity as a pulmonary function test is the possibility to decide the efficiency of gas transfer from the atmosphere to pulmonary circulation through lungs. When this gas transfer is disturbed, several factors are considered which are the hypertrophy of alveolar membrane, the reduction of pulmonary capillary bed, shortening of the contact time, and ventilation-perfusion, its ratio and its uneven distribution. We considered the uneven distribution of ventilation-perfusion as the most important factor to reduce DLCO, then substituted the results of uneven distribution of ventilation-perfusion in chronic pulmonary emphysema and bronchial asthma for the ideal formula of pulmonary diffusing capacity induced from two compartments lung model constructed by ENGELBERG and COHN, and we studied theoretically and practically. Methods : Pulmonary function tests, pulmonary carbon monoxide diffusing capacity (by the single breath method), and uneven distribution of ventilation-perfusion etc. were tested in ten cases of bronchial asthma same as in chronic pulmonary emphysema. The predicted value for D_LCO was refered to KANAGAMI et al. D_LCO obtained from two compartments lung model is explained as, [numerical formula] where A₁ indicates diffusing area (=pulmonary blood flow) of the first compartment, and Mo₁ indicates alveolar carbon monoxide volume (=ventilation) just before the beginning of diffusion. Substituting for A₁ and Mo₁, the observed value of blood flow (Q_i/Q_T) and ventilation (V_Ai/V_AT) for poorly ventilated alveoli and compensatory hyperventilated alveoli in chronic pulmonary emphysema and bronchial asthma, the relations between D_L, A₁, and Mo₁ were obtained on four curves calculated by the digital computer, and from them, influences of L₃ and L₁ in both diseases, i.e., uneven distributions of ventilation-perfusion in the lungs upon D_LCO of overall the lung, were compared.

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WEST et al. have suggested that the pacemaker in the S-A node would shift if acetylcholine was applied to the node. However they did not histologically confirmed the location and the direction. By transfering cobalt ion from the tip of intracellular glass microelectrode into the cell, the location of the tip was marked in the tissue (KANAZU's method). Using the above method, the location of the pacemaker in the S-A node was confirmed. Moreover, by application of acetylcholine the pacemaker was shifted in the S-A node. By comparing action potential with the tissue of the tip of microelectrode, the direction and situation of the shift of pacemaker was histologically confirmed. The S-A node was bisected and consequently two pacemakers were produced. The function of these two pacemakers in atrium and A-V node was observed. Materials and Methods In this experiment 117 rabbits of 2 to 3 kg weight were used. These rabbits were sacrificed with intravenous injection of about 10ml of air. The heart was put out as rapidly as possible and the free wall of the right ventricle was taken off in TYRODE's solution of 10 to 15°C. Then the right atrium was cut and opend vertically from ventricular site to the slightly lower height of sulcus terminalis, and carefully not to damage the S-A node and A-V node and the main specific conduting systems which were reported by OOSAWA. The material was pinned on a paraffine bed in the lucite chamber in which the oxigenated TYRODE's solution was flowing constantly at the temperature of 34°C. The action potential of heart muscle was recorded at two microelectrodes at the same time. The employed microlectrodes were less than 0.5 microns in tip diameter, and their electrical resistance was approximately 20 megohms after filling with 3 Mol. KCl, containing 0.5 per cent CoCl₂.

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There have been many studies about the propagation of excitation of the heart, and the specific conduction systems of the ventricle has been both physiologically and histologically established. However there is no definite theory about the conduction system in the atrium. TAKAYASU and OOSAWA et al. observed electrophysiologically and histologically the existence of the specific conduction systems in the. atrium and reported that through these specific pathways the sinus impulse reached the A-V node. As a well known fact the cardiac pacemaker in physiologic condition originates from the sinus node, and the pacemaker when affected by physical, chemical or other factor may shift in the sinus node. Author basing on the existence of the atrial specific conduction systems as reported by TAKAYASU and OOSAWA et al. and using microelectrode method has studied the function of the so-called atrial specific pathway during pacemaker shift or atrio-ventricular conduction disturbance. Materials and Methods Eighty adult rabbits were used in this experiment. The right atrium of the excised heart was opened with the incision from the right atrioventricular groove to the lower portion of the sulcus terminalis without injuring the sinus node, A-V node and the OOSAWA's specific conduction systems. The preparation was fixed on the paraffin bed in the luicite chamber in which oxygenated Tyrode's solution was kept at a constant temperature level of 34°C. Two ultramicroelectrodes filled with 3Mol. KCl were employed, of which tips were less than 0.5μ in diameter. One was inserted into the sinus nodal region and the other was maintained in the portion of the A-V node. In this experiment, to cause the pacemaker shift or A-V conducting disturbance acetylcholine was dripped in the portion of the sinus node or in the perfusate. And then atrial specific conduction systems reported by TAKAYASU and OOSAWA were incised. To observe and record the action potentials from the nodes, a dual beam oscilloscope and a two-element penwriting electrocardiograph were used.

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The development of angiocardiography is remarkable and it has become to be extensively applied to clinical diagnosis, but criteria of measurement in the angiocardiogram of normal adults, which are available for routine clinical diagnosis, have not been established yet. This paper aims to set up the criteria of the average values of measurements of normal hearts and the great vessels at the period of the end-diastolic and the systoic phase, by means of cardio-synchronous angiocardiography. As to the average value of measurements and contractility of normal hearts, not only the physiological changes were clarified by analizing the relations among age, sex and blood pressure, but also the vital function of normal hearts could be studied by thorough investigation of the correlation among all the measurements and the interrelation of measurements. Moreover, the difference between normal hearts and hypertensive ones was investigated statistically. Methods and Materials As normal subjects, one hundred and sixteen male and female adults ranged in age from 16 to 66 years (27.1 years on the average) were selected, whose blood pressures were lower than 149 mmHg at the systolic and 89 mmHg at the diastolic. As the hypertensive subjects, fifty-two male and female adults ranged in age from 18 to 65 years (45.6 years on the average) were selected, whose blood pressures were higher than 150 mmHg at the systolic and 90mmHg at the diastolic. And they were limited to those who were renal or essential hypertensive patients. The angiocardiograms were taken in the left anterior 70-degree oblique projection at the end-diastolic and the systolic phase. As for contrast mediurn, 80 per cent Angioconray or 75 per cent Urokolin M was injected intravenously, 1ml. per 1kg of the body weight. The parts to be measured were as follows :

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In recent days in Japan, Raynaud's phenomenon and some other symptoms such as pain or weakness of upper extremities are getting troublesome problems among chain saw using wood cutters. These conditions are commonly thought due to vibrating tools. Since LORIGA first reported Raynaud's phenomenon due to pneumatic hammer, many of papers have been published. In spite of their efforts, no effective treatment methods have been developed. Ray-naud's phenomenon remains after stopping to use tools, and pain or paresthesia also continues. One of the purposes author looked upon is analysis of clinical symptomatology of self-experienced cases of 87 chain saw men and 30 chipping machine users. Another is to study neuro-circulatory relationship in digital vessels. Clinical Study Raynaud's phenomenon were found in 65.8 per cent of chain saw men and in 86.8 per cent of chipping machine users. In chipping machine users the phenomenon occurred in one hand of handling hammer tip and none in another side of supporting machine. Development of the phenomenon were seen over several years with the most high incidence between 3 to 5 years. Paresthesia were the second prominent symp-tom in chain saw men, which were aggravated by cold weather, and nocturnal paresthesia (MARSHALL) were complained in 5 cases of chain saw men. This phenomenon were suggestive of ischemic neuropathy clinically. Sensory loss were complained in 75.8 per cent of chain saw men and hard hearing were observed almost in half of them. Neurologic examination revealed peripheral neuropathy. Sensory disturbances is the most prevalent with glove and stocking type loss. Tendon reflexes were found hypoactive in many of cases. Elec-tromyographic study showed fibrillation voltage and long duration discharge, suggesting peripheral nerve involvement. Such abnormal discharges in EMG were found with less relationship to duration of tool use or development of Raynaud's phenomenon. Here we could conclude clinically that disorders due to chain saw and chippine machine are peripheral neuropathy and digital circulation disturbance. Brachial arteriogram showed no obstructive lesions and microscopically no histological changes of minor vessels were found. Digital plethysmography of Reflectoric method fluctuated asynchronously and abnormal vascular response were obtained in Valsalva technique or mental arithmetic stimuli.

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