In a series of healthy subjects ranging in age from 12 to about 20 years, having no cardiac disorders, the interrelationships between the amplitude of the R wave in lead V₅ and the various parameters of the body-build including age were clarified as follows: 1. When groups of subjects of comparable age were compared, evidence was obtained for significant differences to exist in these respects between the sexes. 2. Age-related differences in the electrocardiographic deflections are remarkably wide in the male subjects, whereas in the females at 15 to 16 years of age and in those at about 20 years, they were observed to be not significant. 3. Since a high multicollinearity exists among the parameters of the body-build, regression analyses on the relationship between the bodybuild and the electrocardiogram should involve adequate considerations of it. As a means for excluding this multicollinearity, we adopted the procedures of Draper and Smith and presented correction formula with age and chest circumference taken into due account. 4. Among the various parameters of the bodybuild employed, it was found to hold true for both sexes that l/(chest circumference)² showed apparently greater regression than the chest circumference itself. Account should be taken, therefore, of the chest circumference in the interpretation of the electrocardiogram. 5. A question remains to be unsettled as to whether the amplitude of the R wave in lead V₅ itself is suitable or not to be taken as a random variable in the above-mentioned regression equation. 6. The intensity of physical exercise was observed to cause significant differences in the individual parameters of the body-build as well as the amplitude of lead V₅, but statistical analyses failed to yield any appropriate correction formulas for them. This requires further consideration in the future.

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An integrated and simplified method for acrylamide gel Disc electrophoresis was devised in this study based on results obtained by the previous study where general behavior of human serum lipoproteins in various acrylamide gel systems was investigated. Acrylamide gel concentrations employed in this method were 3.75% for separating gel, 2.5% for spacer gel and 3.3% for sample gel. For lipoprotein staining, serum samples were mixed with a sample gel solution in which Sudan Black B in ethylene glycol and buffered acrylamide solution with a combined catalyzer (TEMED-riboflavin) were included. Identification of lipoprotein bands on acrylamide gel columns was made by means of a combination of paper electrophoretic, acrylamide gel Disc electrophoretic and immunological techniques. It was established that human serum lipoproteins were sharply resolved and were arranged in the order of alpha, beta, and pre-beta lipoproteins from the anodal to cathodal end of the column. This method could be useful in clinical laboratories as well as in research laboratories for identification of human serum lipoprotein abnor-malities.

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The artificial CSF perfusions have been made to detect some roles of Ca⁺⁺ in the brain catecholamines and angiotensin II, using hypothalamus and striatum. Rats were given perfusions through the left lateral ventricle to the third ventricle. Synthetic angiotensin II was added 3 minutes before the brain was frozen. Then catecholamines and MAO activity were determined. Angiotensin II reduced markedly noradrenalin in the hypothalamus, although dopamine and noradrenalin in the striatum and dopamine in the hypothalamus remained unchanged, moreover it caused a marked reduction of the MAO activity in the hypothalamus, but not in the striatum. The effect of angiotensin II on the hypothalamus is reduced when the Ca⁺⁺ concentration in tissue is low.

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DOCA hypertension, renal hypertension, and cerebral hypertension were induced in Wistar rats. In the acute and chronic stages, noradrenaline storing cells of the adrenal medulla and cells of the zona fasciculata in the adrenal cortex were studied, both electron microscopically and histometrically, in order to compare them with their respective controls. 1. (a) In the acute stage of DOCA hypertension, (i) the number of noradrenaline storing granules was not different from that in the controls. Vesicles were about 1.6 times as numerous as those in the controls. Some of the granules and vesicles varied greatly in size. However, only a few of them probably representing initial secretory granules were noted. (ii) A large number of relatively large secretory granules of moderate electron density were found within the cytoplasm of cells of the zona fasciculata of the adrenal cortex. Both the number of the mitochondria and the number of ribosomes were decreased. (b) In the chronic stage of DOCA hypertension, (i) the nor-adrenaline storing granules and vesicles showed findings similar to those described in the acute stage. Especially noted were giant granules and vesicles. (ii) Cells of the zona fasciculata of the adrenal cortex also gave findings similar to those in the acute stage. 2. (a) In the acute stage of renal hypertension, (i) the number of noradrenaline storing granules was not significantly different from the controls. The number of vesicles was 1.7 times as great as that of the controls. Granules and vesicles varied in size and small ones were also found in abundance. (ii) In the cells of the zona fasciculata of the adrenal cortex, secretory granules probably representing lipid droplets were also found to be rather abundant as compared with controls. (b) In the chronic stage of renal hypertension, (i) no remarkable changes were noted in the number of noradrenaline storing granules and vesicles. Morphological changes were not remarkable except for slightly larger vesicles than those in the controls. (ii) In the cells of the zona fasciculata of the adrenal cortex, there were more abundant round secretory granules of moderate electron density than those in the controls. Dilatation and an increase of smooth-surfaced endoplasmic reticulum and ribosomes were noted. 3. (a) In the acute stage of cerebral hypertension, (i) the number of noradrenaline storing granules was unchanged and the number of vesicles was about 1.9 times that of the controls. As to the morphology, both granules and vesicles were larger than the controls. (ii) In the cells of the zona fasciculata of the adrenal cortex, large secretory granules of low electron density probably representing lipids were noted. Dilatation and an increase of smooth-surfaced endoplasmic reticulum and an increase of ribosomes were noted. (b) In the chronic stage of cerebral hypertension, (i) noradrenaline storing granules were increased (1.2 times those in the controls) and vesicles were also found abundantly (2.6 times those in the controls). Both granules and vesicles were variable in size and there were abundant small granules as well. (ii) In the cells of the zona fasciculata of the adrenal cortex, secretory granules of medium electron density probably representing lipids were found to be abundant. The smooth-surfaced endoplasmic reticula were di-

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The response, systemic hypotension and bradycardia, provoked by elevating Intravascular pressure (IVP) in the lung lobe, whose perfusion was separated from the pulmonary circulation in situ, was described as "pulmonary depressor reflex" by Schwiegk, 1935. Although mechanism of the reflex has not been entirely disclosed yet, it Is generally approved that the vagus is the main pathway, both afferent and efferent, connected to the center. Regarding location of mechanoreceptor in the pulmonary vascular tree, however, it is still controversial whether the receptor lies in the pulmonary artery or in the pulmonary vein system. Moreover, there has been few description in regard to receptors in the small pulmonary vessels including capillary bed, until present time. Recently, Salisbury et al. and Daly. M. et al. discussed that inflation of the lung lobe also showed the similar systemic hypotension and bradycardia. Nowadays, a quotion has been raised whether the mechano-receptors in the pulmonary vascular tree, which must be affected by deformation of the lung, could be considered to be comparable to the stretch receptors in the lung parenchyma. Following experiments were designed in the hope to throw a light on the above mentioned enigmatical pulmonary mechano-receptors. Methods Twenty-eight adult mongrel dogs were anesthetized with pentobarbital soda (25mg/kg, i.v.) and thoracotomy was carried out in the fourth intercostal space under positive pressure ventilation. Both the pulmonary artery (PA) and vein (PV) of the left lower lobe (LLL) were ligated and cannulated immediately distal to the ligation, for the purpose of rapid infusion with autologus heparinized blood and measurement of IVP. Ventilation of LLL was also separated from the other lung lobes by means of a small specially devised cuffed tube passed through the main tracheal tube. LLL was inflated with the gas mixture consisting of 5.6% CO₂, 14% O₂, and N₂, as required in the course of the experiment. A free margin of LLL was stretched or corn-pressed slightly by using the finger tips with special care in order not to pull the hilus. The same procedures were carried out also in the ipsilaterally or bilaterally vagotomized dogs. After PA or PV embolization with Lycopodiurn spores, infusion with a high pressure of the embolized lobar vessel initially, then the similar infusion of the non-embolized one was performed.

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The studies on the effect of induced hypoxemia to visceral circulation and metabolism in human beings have been carried out systematically in our department. The effect of hypoxemia to 17-OHCS secretion has been already reported by Ohta and to catecholamine secretion will be reported by Azuma, one of co-workers of author. The present study was designed to observe the effect of hypoxemia on adrenalcortex and adrenal medulla simultaneously, and to discuss the relationship between these two responses. The author also intended to add some knowledge concerning the effect of corticosteroid and catecholamine to the carbohydrate metabolism in hypoxic state. Materials and Methods Mongrel dogs of both sexes weighing 8 to 12kg, were cannulated in the lumbo-adrenal vein by modification of the method of Hume & Nelson. The experiments carried out 24 hours after operation under sodium pentobarbital anesthesia. Experiment 1 : Nine dogs were made to inhale 5 or 7% 0₂ in nitrogen gas from the Douglas bag through the tracheal cannula for 20 to 30 min-utes. Experiment 2: Six dogs were infused 10 or 20 u of ACTH diluted with saline intravenously for 10 minutes. To determine of adrenocortical hormone (17-OHCS) and catecholamine, adrenal venous blood samples were taken before and at each 10 or 20 minutes interval until 70 minutes after the treatment. At the same time the arterial blood samples were drawn from the femoral artery to determine the blood glucose level and arterial blood oxygen saturation. Results and Comments The results of this experiment are summarized as follows. 1. In hypoxic dogs, the secretion rate of the 17-OHCS & catecholamine showed such three patterns as (a) marked in crease of both secretion almost at the same time, (b) more rapid increase of the 17-OHCS secretion than that of catecholamine and (c) no increase of the catecholamine secretion at all in spite of a remarkable increase of the 17-OHCS. Generally, the secretion rate of the noradrenaline showed less than that of adrenaline. 2. Stimulation with ACTH 20 u showed no apparent increase of the catecholamine secretion, inspite of cortical hypersecretion, but in the dogs infused 20 u of ACTH rapid 17-OHCS response and late adrenaline increase were observed. 3. Data obtained from these two experiments suggested that the secretory response of adrenal cortex is more rapid and sensitive than that of adrenal medulla. 4. The change of the blood sugar level in hypoxic dogs did not relate to the increase of the 17-OHCS secretion, but paralleled the increase of the catecholamine, especially adrenaline secretion. By the fact that no apparent increase of the catecholamine secretion was observed in the dogs stimulated with 10 u of ACTH and a rapid and marked increase of the 17-OHCS secretion with a rather gradual increase of the adrenaline secretion whereas no increase of the noradrenaline secretion in 20 u of ACTH infused dogs, the adrenaline synthesis and secretion were suggested to be promoted not by the stimulation through the sympathetic nerve, but by the increase of the adrenocortical hormone secretion. Also from the experimental results in the low oxygen inhalated dogs, which were similar to those in the ACTH infused dogs in following findings as 1) more rapid and marked increase of the 17-OHCS secretion than that of the catecholamine and, 2) more significant secretory response of the adrenaline than that of the noradrenaline, the adrenal catecholamine secretion in hypoxemia was suggested to be activated not only by the stimulation through the sympathetic nerve, but also by the increased secretion of adrenocortical hormone.

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