JAPANESE CIRCULATION JOURNAL
Online ISSN : 1347-4839
Print ISSN : 0047-1828
ISSN-L : 0047-1828
Volume 48, Issue 2
Displaying 1-11 of 11 articles from this issue
  • MASANORI FUJINO, KIKUO ARAKAWA
    1984 Volume 48 Issue 2 Pages 119-126
    Published: February 20, 1984
    Released on J-STAGE: April 14, 2008
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    To elucidate the mechanism, cardiac function and prognosis of complete left bundle branch block (CLBBB), 32 patients with CLBBB were studied using echocardiographic and vectorcardiographic methods. They were classified into 5 types: according to the presence or absence of early systolic notch and paradoxical motion of interventricular septum. Type I, an early systolic notch and paradoxical motion of the interventricular septum; type II, an early systolic notch and a flat septal motion, type III, an early systolic notch but no paradoxical motion ; type IV, an early systolic notch of a slight degree but no paradoxical motion; type V, showed neither early systolic notch nor paradoxical motion. Type I patients had enlarged left ventricular dimension, severe cardiac damage and poor prognosis while type IV patients had a good ventricular function and prognosis with no complications. In type V patients, intraventricular conduction disturbances were apparent; a wide QRS loop in horizontal plane with no significant terminal delay. In type II and III, there were no typical findings. The histology revealed that the left bundle branch block was located at the bifurcation.
    Download PDF (1626K)
  • MASATOSHI IKESHITA, WILLIAM L. HOLMAN, JOHN G. LEASE, DAVID C. JR. SAB ...
    1984 Volume 48 Issue 2 Pages 127-135
    Published: February 20, 1984
    Released on J-STAGE: April 14, 2008
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    The electrophysiologic effects of multiple cryosurgical lesions along the circumference of Koch's triangle were evaluated as a treatment of AV nodal reentrant tachycardia in 31 dogs. These animals were divided into a control group (n=8) and a cryosurgical group (n=23), and were studied using incremental atrial pacing and programmed atrial premature stimulation. In the cryosurgical group, significant prolongation of AV nodal conduction time, initiation of Wenckebach periodicity at a slower atrial pacing rate, and an increase in the functional refractory period of the AV node were documented postoperatively. In contrast, there were no significant differences between preoperative and postoperative AV node conduction characteristics in the control group. Four dogs in which the effective refractory period of the AV node could be measured showed an increase of 28-104 msec following cryosurgery. In 2 dogs, discontinuous conduction curves (i.e., dual AV nodal pathways) were demonstrated preoperatively. Postoperatively, a uniform conduction curve was demonstrated. In conclusion, these results strongly suggest that this new cyrosurgical method is an effective surgical procedure for the interruption of the reentrant circuit responsible for AV nodal reentry while preserving AV conduction.
    Download PDF (870K)
  • HIROYUKI SUGA, RYUICHI HISANO, YOICHI GOTO, OSAMU YAMADA
    1984 Volume 48 Issue 2 Pages 136-143
    Published: February 20, 1984
    Released on J-STAGE: April 14, 2008
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    A shift of the ventricular end-systolic pressure-volume (P-V) relation and a change in its slope Emax reasonably reflect a change in contractility in a given ventricle. However, comparison of Emax's of different sized hearts may be difficult without an appropriate normalization. We attempted to normalize Emax of different sized hearts to the force-length (F-L) relation of unit mass of myocardium in the ventricular wall. We formulated the end-systolic P-V relation as (end-systolic pressure) = Emax (end-systolic volume Vi - Vd), where Vd = volume axis intercept of the end-systolic P-V relation line. As a first step, both thick wall sphere and cylinder models of the ventricle with a wall volume of Vm were used. Circumferential F-L relation of unit myocardium in different ventricular wall layers were formulated as functions of Emax, Vd, and Vm. We found that as long as the product of Emax and F-L relation in the wall remain relatively unchanged regardless of wide changes in Vm and Vi. The elevation of the F-L relation curve, which represents myocardial contractility, was found to change in proportion to Emax Vd, largely independent of Vm and Vi, or the size of the ventricle.
    Download PDF (855K)
  • ATSUSHI INOUE, HAKUO TAKAHASHI, HIROSHI OKAJIMA, SEIICHI YONEDA, SUSUM ...
    1984 Volume 48 Issue 2 Pages 144-149
    Published: February 20, 1984
    Released on J-STAGE: April 14, 2008
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Blood pressure rose when carbachol was injected into the cerebral ventricles in conscious rats, but the heart rate fell. When rats were later anesthetized with urethane to allow recording of abdominal sympathetic nerve activity, carbachol injected similarly produced the following biphasic responses: initial vasodepression followed by a sustained pressor phase accompanied by corresponding changes in peripheral sympathetic nerve activity. The heart rate was transiently suppressed following the injection. Spinal section abolished the initial hypotensive phase and accompanying bradycardia and made the response purely pressor. By contrast, intravenous injections elicited purely vasodepressor responses. Thus, carbachol administered centrally caused vasopressor responses possibly via both activation of sympathetic vasomotor centers and a release of pituitary hormones. Since anesthesia attenuated the pressor responses and made them biphasic, these results indicate that central cholinergic mechanisms are inhibited during anesthesia and that a sympathoinhibitory mechanism of cholinergic receptors exists behind the pressor responses, as disclosed during anesthesia.
    Download PDF (652K)
  • TOSHIO SHIMADA, SHIGETAKE SASAYAMA, MASAAKI TAKAHASHI, GENTA OSAKADA, ...
    1984 Volume 48 Issue 2 Pages 150-156
    Published: February 20, 1984
    Released on J-STAGE: April 14, 2008
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    The effects of Solcoseryl on regional myocardial function were studied in 5 conscious dogs with partial coronary constriction, in which temporary ischemia was induced by rapid cardiac pacing. During the coronary artery constriction, the percent shortening of the ischemic segment decreased by 9%. When the heart rate was increased by pacing, the percent shortening of the ischemic segments was further reduced by 57%. On cessation of cardiac pacing, the early potentiation of dP/dt and of control segment shortening became evident and was followed by exponential decay in the subsequent several beats. In the ischemic segment, the percent shortening was significantly improved in the first post-pacing beat but was more severely depressed at five seconds. Thirty minutes after administration of Solcoseryl, the cardiac pacing was repeated in the same manner but the pacing-induced hypokinesia of the ischemic segment were less marked, the percent shortening being at an average of 9.1% during control pacing and 12.7% during the second pacing after Solcoseryl (p<0.05). Postpacing deterioration of the ischemic segment shortening was also significantly improved from 9.8 to 11.8% at 5 seconds (p<0.05). These findings indicate that Solcoseryl exerts protective effects on the ischemic myocardium by promoting a rapid recovery from ischemia, probably due to the improvement of oxygen utility through activated cellular respiration.
    Download PDF (689K)
  • OSAMU IIMURA, KENJIRO KIKUCHI, SATOSHI SATO
    1984 Volume 48 Issue 2 Pages 159-167
    Published: February 20, 1984
    Released on J-STAGE: April 14, 2008
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    In order to evaluate the significance of sympathetic nerve activity in the pathophysiology and pathogenesis of borderline hypertension or mild or moderate essential hypertension, plasma noradrenaline concentration (PNA) at supine rest and pressor response to infused noradrenaline (NA-R) were evaluated in these in-patients. A significantly positive correlation (r=0.395, p<0.001) between PNA and age was found in normotensive subjects (NT), but not in essential hypertensives (EHT). In the young (below 40 years of age) group, the mean value of PNA in EHT was significantly higher (p<0.05) than that in NT. However no significant difference in PNA between NT and EHT was observed in the middle-age (40-59 years) and old-age (above 60 years) groups. PNA was highest in borderline hypertensives (BHT), second highest in EHT with WHO stage I (WHO-I), third in EHT with WHO stage II (WHO-II), and lowest in NT. Among these age-matched four groups, significant differences in the mean value of PNA were found between NT and BHT (p<0.001) or WHO-I (p<0.05), and between BHT and WHO-II (p<0.05). In a comparison of the age-matched NT, normal renin EHT (NRH) and low renin EHT (LRH), the mean value of PNA in NRH was significantly higher than that in NT (p<0.001) and LRH (p<0.001). Similar differences were observed in the peak value of PNA during 20 minutes when the head was tilted up. A close positive correlation between PNA and simultaneously measured mean arterial pressure (MAP) in the young EHT (r=0.698, p<0.001) and WHO-I (r=0.631, p<0.001), and a weak correlation in the middle-age EHT (r=0.435, p<0.05) and NRH (r=0.311, p<0.05) were demonstrated immediately after hospital admission. In the old-age EHT, WHO-II and LRH, however, no significant correlation was found between PNA and MAP. The mean value of NA-R in young (p<0.005) and middle-aged EHT (p<0.001) was significantly greater than that in respectively age-matched NT. However, no significant difference in NA-R was observed between NT and EHT in old-age subjects. NA-R positively correlated (r=0.239, p<0.005) with age in EHT but not in NT. NA-R was augmented parallel with the development of the stage of hypertension, and that in BHT (p<0.05), WHO-I (p<0.001) or WHO-II (p<0.001) was significantly higher than that in NT, and that in WHO-II as higher (p<0.005) than that in WHO-I. In addition, an inverse correlation between NA-R and PNA was demonstrated in NT (r=-0.472, p<0.01) and all EHT (r=-0.629, p<0.001). This correlation was especially marked in young EHT (r=-0.733, p<0.001), middle age EHT (r=-0.529, p<0.005), WHO-I (r=-0.640, p<0.001), WHO-II (r=-0.699, p<0.001) and NRH (r=-0.548, p<0.001), while no significant correlation was observed in old-age EHT and LRH. The regression line between NA-R and PNA in EHT, particularly in WHO-II, shifted upward as compared with that in NT. From these findings, it may be concluded that the augmentation of sympathetic nerve activity is an important mechanism for maintenance of a high level of blood pressure in borderline and essential hypertensives, particularly in young, mild or renin unsuppressed patients, and that an enhanced pressor response to noradrenaline inversely related to the basal PNA level may play some role in the hypertensive mechanism in middle-age, moderate and low renin essential hypertensives.
    Download PDF (929K)
  • TERUKAZU KAWASAKI, MICHIO UENO, KEIKO UEZONO, YUHEI KAWANO, ISAO ABE, ...
    1984 Volume 48 Issue 2 Pages 168-172
    Published: February 20, 1984
    Released on J-STAGE: April 14, 2008
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Forty-two middle-age male subjects, aged from 47 to 54 years old, were divided into three groups; 14 normotensives (NT), 16 borderline hypertensives (BHT) and 12 hypertensives (HT). The environmental effects were neutralized as much as possible by keeping their activities synchronized and their plasma and urine variables simultaneously investigated using the same protocol as under normal physiologic conditions. The circadian rhythms of urinary excretions of Na, K, Cl, creatinine, aldosterone, adrenaline and noradrenaline were analyzed by a multivariate method (cosinor method). Both systolic and diastolic blood pressure were statistically significantly different among the three groups and body weight was greater in HT than in NT. Other plasma and urine variables examined, however, were not significantly different among the three groups. A statistically significant circadian rhythm was detected in the urine variables. The rhythm characteristics, such as the mesor, amplitude and acrophase, of the urine variables except for the acrophase of urinary Na excretion were not significantly different among the three groups; the circadian acrophase of urinary Na in HT and BHT appeared significantly earlier than in NT. The pathophysiological and clinical significance of the earlier appearance of the circadian acrophase of urinary Na in hypertensive subjects still remains a unique characteristic requiring further investigation.
    Download PDF (582K)
  • MINORU YASUJIMA, KEISHI ABE, MASAYA TANNO, KEN OMATA, KAORU YOSHINAGA
    1984 Volume 48 Issue 2 Pages 173-179
    Published: February 20, 1984
    Released on J-STAGE: April 14, 2008
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Three structurally different drugs, MK421, SA446 and captopril, are angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors. They induced a significantly greater fall in systolic blood pressure in sodium depleted rats than in sodium repleted ones. The combined administration of vasopressin or norepinephrine with MK421 eliminated the hypertensive effect of vasopressin or norepinephrine. Urinary kallikrein and kinin excretion were increased by MK421, SA446 or captopril in the sodium depleted rats whereas any significant changes in them were not observed in the sodium repleted rats. The combined administration of norepinephrine with MK421 induced further increases in urinary kallikrein and kinin excretion when compared to rats infused with norepinephrine alone, whereas the combined administration of vasopressin with MK421 did not induce any changes in them when compared to rats infused with vasopressin alone. Chronic infusion of captopril for up to 6 days in the rats induced a reduction of the vascular response to exogenous bradykinin; the blood pressure fall was less than that of the controls by 17% on Day 2 and by 18% on Day 6. These results indicate that the hypotensive response to angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors was in part associated with the enhanced renal and vascular smooth muscle kallikrein-kinin system.
    Download PDF (690K)
  • MANABU YOSHIMURA, RIEKO SHIKUMA, RYOSAKU TAKASHINA, HIDEAKI YAMAZAKI, ...
    1984 Volume 48 Issue 2 Pages 180-187
    Published: February 20, 1984
    Released on J-STAGE: April 14, 2008
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    The role of prostaglandins (PGs) in the regulation of blood pressure was analysed from the point of view of vascular reactivity to PGs and also of PG-induced modulation of pressor response. The vasodepressor effect of PGE1 as more sensitive in the patients with essential hypertension than in the normotensive subjects. In the normotensive subjects or in rats, pressor response to norepinephrine was modulated by PGE1, enhanced under treatment with indomethacin, an inhibitor of PG biosynthesis, and suppressed under an infusion of PGE1. These results indicate that pressor response to norepinephrine is modulated by exogenous and endogenous PGs. The PG-induced modulation disappeared after chemical sympathectomy, suggesting that the PG-induced modulation of pressor response is regulated by the sympathetic nervous system. In sympathetic neurotransmission, PGs could play an important role in the regulation of norepinephrine release. Renal content of norepinephrine was reduced under treatment with indomethacin, indicating an enhanced release of norepinephrine and an enhanced turnover of norepinephirne in the kidneys under treatment with indomethacin. These results suggest that a deficient state of PG may enhance the pressor response and norepinephrine release. As there is much evidence indicating that the reduction of PG synthesis in patients and animals with hypertension, vascular reactivity to PGs and PG-induced modulation of pressor response may play significant roles in the regulation of blood pressure and could be causal factors of hypertension.
    Download PDF (808K)
  • YOSHIO YAZAKI, YASUYOSHI OHUCHI, TERUNAO ASHIDA, RON-CHI TSAI, MASAO Y ...
    1984 Volume 48 Issue 2 Pages 188-195
    Published: February 20, 1984
    Released on J-STAGE: April 14, 2008
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    The role of vasopressin as a pressor agent to the hypertensive process was examined. Vasopressin plays a major role in the pathogenesis of DOCA-salt hypertension, since the elevation of blood pressure was not substantial in the rats with lithium-treated diabetes insipidus after DOCA-salt treatment. Administration of DDAVP which has antidiuretic action but minimal vasopressor effect failed to increase blood pressure to the levels observed after administration of AVP. Furthermore, the pressor action of vasopressin appears to be important in the development of this model of hypertension, since the enhanced pressor responsiveness to the hormone was observed in the initial stage of hypertension. Increased secretion of vasopressin from neurohypophysis also promotes the function of the hormone as a pathogenetic factor in hypertension. An unproportional release of vasopressin compared to plasma osmolality may be induced by the absence of an adjusting control of angiotensin II forming and receptor binding capacity for sodium balance in the brain. However, the role of vasopressin remains to be determined in human essential hypertension.
    Download PDF (814K)
  • FUMINORI MASUGI, TOSHIO OGIHARA, ATSUHIRO OTSUKA, SHUICHI SAEKI, YUICH ...
    1984 Volume 48 Issue 2 Pages 196-200
    Published: February 20, 1984
    Released on J-STAGE: April 14, 2008
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    One-0-hexadecyl-2-0-acetyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphorylcholine (HAGPC), a component of semisynthetic antihypertensive polar renomedullary lipid (APRL) reported by Muirhead et al. in chemically treated rabbit renomedullary lipid had a strong hypotensive action, a cardiosuppressing action and an apparent anti-norepinephrine action. 3-(N-n-octadecylcarbamoyloxy)-2-methoxypropyl-2-thiazolioethyl phosphate significantly inhibited the hypotensive action of HAGPC, whereas the hypotensive activities of prostaglandin I2, prostaglandin E2, bradykinin, histamine and acethylcholine were not affected by this drug. The blood pressure of rats with established hypertension produced by clipping one renal artery and contralateral nephrectomy normally decreases rapidly after unclipping the renal artery, but the initial rapid decrease was significantly inhibited by an intravenous infusion of 3-(N-n-octadecylcarbamoyloxy)-2-methoxypropyl-2-thiazolioethyl phosphate. This shows that endogenous 1-alkyl-2-acetyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphorylcholine participates in the rapid decrease of blood pressure after unclipping the renal artery in one-kidney, one clip hypertensive rats.
    Download PDF (566K)
feedback
Top