日本結晶学会誌
Online ISSN : 1884-5576
Print ISSN : 0369-4585
ISSN-L : 0369-4585
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51 巻, 2 号
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  • リボソームAサイト分子スイッチのX線結晶解析
    近藤 次郎
    2009 年 51 巻 2 号 p. 145-152
    発行日: 2009/04/30
    公開日: 2010/11/05
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.5940/jcrsj.51.145
    ジャーナル フリー
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    The aminoacyl-tRNA decoding site (A-site) on the small ribosomal subunit is an RNA molecular switch guaranteeing high translation fidelity. Due to the similarity of the secondary structure of the A-site, it has long been believed that the functional characteristics and tertiary structure of the A-site molecular switch are basically conserved in three main cell types, bacteria, mitochondria and eukaryotic cytoplasm. However, these three cell types are noticeably different in their biological properties such as life cycle, genome size, structural component of ribosome and number of tRNA species. In our structural studies, we have shown how a small difference of nucleotide sequences affects the dynamics of the A-site molecular switches underlying the decoding mechanism adapted to their biological properties and environments. The observed structural insights into the decoding process allowed us to understand molecular mechanisms of non-syndromic hearing loss and toxicity mechanism of aminoglycoside antibiotics.
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  • 高温精密結晶構造解析によるイオン伝導性材料における可動イオン拡散経路の研究
    八島 正知
    2009 年 51 巻 2 号 p. 153-161
    発行日: 2009/04/30
    公開日: 2010/11/05
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.5940/jcrsj.51.153
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    The present paper is a brief review of our recent works on the crystal structures, structural disorders and ion-diffusion paths of various ionic and mixed conductors. Diffusion paths along the <100> directions are observed in the fluorite-type ionic conductors such as δ-Bi1.4Yb0.6O3, Ce0.93Y0.07O1.96, Y0.785Ta0.215O1.715 and α-CuI. In the prerovskite-type and double-prerovskite-type conductors, the mobile oxide ions move along the <100> directions near the stable positions and along <110> around the midway of diffusion pathway. The cubic prerovskite-type and double-prerovskite-type conductors exhibit three- and two-dimensional networks of diffusion pathways, respectively. K2NiF4-type conductor has a two-dimensional network of diffusion pathway through interstitial oxide ions. The oxide ions in apatite-type conductors diffuse along the hexagonal c-axis. The diffusion paths of two lithium-ion conductors are also presented.
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解説
最近の研究から
  • 棒状分子が作る高い対称性をもつ液晶性超構造の構造解析
    齋藤 一弥, 沓水 祥一
    2009 年 51 巻 2 号 p. 169-174
    発行日: 2009/04/30
    公開日: 2010/11/05
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.5940/jcrsj.51.169
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    Process of structure determination of liquid-crystalline superstructures formed in a mesogenic series, bis(n-alkoxybenzoyl)hydrazine[BABH(n) ; n, the number of carbon atoms in the alkoxy group], is described. The chain-length (n) dependence of relative diffraction intensities from the Ia3d phase resolves the phase problem, leading to the structural description that the molecular centers are on the rods forming two interpenetrating jungle gyms. Theoretical consideration on the stability of superstructures and systematic MEM analysis reveal the coexistence of two aggregation modes (rods forming an extending jungle gym and closed sheets forming spherical shells) for the Im3m phase.
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  • LixFePO4におけるリチウムイオンの拡散経路
    山田 淳夫, 八島 正知
    2009 年 51 巻 2 号 p. 175-181
    発行日: 2009/04/30
    公開日: 2010/11/05
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.5940/jcrsj.51.175
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    The lithium ion battery is the most advanced energy storage system, but the application has been limited to portable electronics devices due to cost and safety issues. State-of-the-art LiFePO4 technology has now opened the door for lithium ion batteries to get into the large scale application as plug-in hybrid vehicles. Geometric information on the lithium diffusion is essential to understand the facile electrode reaction of LixFePO4(0 < x < 1), but the previous approach has been limited to the computational prediction. Here, combining high-temperature powder neutron diffraction and the maximum entropy method, lithium distribution along [010] direction was clearly visualized.
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