One form of Glossogobius which has been regarded as G. giuris by various authors is revealed to be a new species.The most important characteristic for distinguishing this species from others of the genus is the arrangement of the pit organs.Other related species of the genus are compared and their diagnoses are presented.

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Two mountain cyprinid fishes, Onychostoma gerlachi and Scaphiodonichthys acanthopterus, are described from upper Laos.The Vietnamese O.macracanthus is synonymized with S.acanthopterus.As a result the range of the genus Onychostoma is extended westward to Laos from North Vietnam and China and that of the genus Scaphiodonichthys eastward to North and South Vietnam from Burma, Thailand, and Laos.These two genera are closely related to each other and to the Thai-Lao Scaphognathops, the Indo -Burmese Semiplotus, and the West Indian and West Asian Scaphiodon.The distributional patterns of these five genera and related Varicorhinus and Barbus suggest that they originated from northern Asia.Onychostoma has the most northerly distribution and appears most generalized, and Scaphiodonichthys, Scaphognathops, and Semiplotus seem more differentiated.Scaphiodon may represent western offshoots derived from ancestral stock common to Onychostoma.

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The reproductive behavior of Pomacentrus nagasakiensis Tanaka was studied on the island of Miyake-jima, Japan, from July 1973 to October 1975.Reproductive activity began in May, when water temperatures reached 22°C and continued until early September.The heaviest concentrations of reproductive activity coincided with the waxing of the moon, reaching a peak 2-3 days prior to the full moon.
Like other pomacentrids, males construct and guard nests.Smooth sides of boulders or discarded pots, pipes, tires, etc.are used as nesting surfaces.Females are attracted with typical pomacentrid “signal jumps”.Females are led to nests by an enticement display, which is clearly a distinctive action pattern from the signal jump.Spawning usually occurs in early morning or late afternoon.Several thousand eggs are laid in a single spawning.The male guards the nest and fans the eggs.Typically, a male may guard about ten patches of eggs in a season.Spawning with two or three females may occur within a few days, and a single male may care for three clutches of eggs in a single egg patch.
Males with nests in favorable locations defend their territories persistently throughout the breeding season.Territories in less favorable locations are defended only during periods of active spawning.
The following motor patterns are recognized for P.nagasakiensis during the courtship phase of reproduction: signal jumps, enticement, chasing, and skimming.

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[in Japanese]

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[in Japanese]

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[in Japanese]

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On October 5, 1973, a considerable number of a stromateoid fish (1.8 tons in weight) was fecture, Kyushu.This fish was taken by a single-wing purse seine from the surface in an area of 80 m in depth around Aji-sone Bank (32°20'N, 129°30'E) in the early morning of October 5, 1973.Aji-sone Bank is located near the west Kyushu sea valley between Goto and Amakusa Islands, into.which a branch of the warm Tsushima Current pours directly.An immature specimen was sent to the senior author.A detailed examination revealed that this fish could be ascribed to Ariomma brevimanus Klunzinger which was previously recorded only from Red Sea by a single specimen (Klunzinger, 1884).As this specimen is the second specimen to be recorded, the authors describe it here in detail.
In the examination of the specimen, the vertebrae were counted by means of X-ray photograph and the caudal skeleton was observed after alizarin treatment.The gonad was histologically examined.

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Some morphological characters of a cobitid fish, Lefua echigonia, were examined with 96 specimens obtained at five localities in Japan;two localities (A and B) in Tokushima Pref.in Shikoku Island, one (C) in Kyoto Pref., and other two (D and E) in Niigata Pref. in Honshu Island.
Specimens obtained in Tokushima Pref.differ from those in Honshu, in body proportion, the number of scales in a longitudinal row, and the origin of the dorsal fin.The number of vertebrae is mostly 36 in Tokushima Pref.but mostly 33 in Honshu. Specimens obtained in Kyoto Pref., however, are intermediate in several characters between those from Tokushima Pref.and those from Niigata Pref.

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Four large specimens of freshwater salmons, 365 to 567 mm in total length, were collected in Kuzuryu Dam, and in the upper streams of Takinami River and Kuroko River, Fukui Prefecture.These specimens are two or three years old, and have higher depth of body than that of the salmonid fish“Biwamasu” (lacustrine form) in Lake Biwa, and the crimson spots on both sides of body.These spots are similar to those of the smaller“Amago”, but differ from those of the“Biwamasu”.The number of transverse scales of the present mateial is more than those of the“Biwamasu”.From the comparison described above and the fact that the“Amago”of Oncorhynchus rhodurus Jordan and McGregor was introduced artificially into the upper streams of Kuzuryu River, Takinami River and Kuroko River before, the author identified the present material as the“Amago”O.rhodurus which inhabits the rivers.

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