Glossogobius brunneus (TEMMINCK & SCHLEGEL) or Glossogobius giuris brunneus -have for a long time been used in Japan as the scientific names of a gobiid fishcalled "urohaze" in Japanese. But TAKAGI (1962) compared the ventral fins of thetype of Gobius brunneus with Japanese specimens and identified Gobius brunneusas "yoshinobori", another goby, rather than "urohaze". He decided on Rhinogobius.brunneus as the scientific name of "yoshinobori", for which Rhinogobius similis-(GILL) had previously been used. Thus it became necessary to find another scientific:name for "urohaze". TOMIYAMA (1936) listed four names as synonyms of Glossogobius giuris brunneus:Gobius brunneus TEMMINCK & SCHLEGEL, 1845, Gobius olivaceusTEMMINCK & SCHLEGEL, 1845, Gobius fasciato-punctatus RICHARDSON, 1845, and Gobiusgiurus (nec HAMILTON) RUTTER, 1897. As Gobius olivaceus and Gobius fasciatopunctatuswere published in the same year according to him, it is important, following the law of priority, to know which was published earlier in date. On the otherhand KOUMANS (1935) synonimized Gobius brunneus, Gobius olivaceus and Gobiusfasciato-punctatus to Glossogobius giuris (HAMILTON).
The results of my comparison between "urohaze" and Glossogobius giuris showedthat they were different in some respects, especially in the presence or absence ofblack specks scattered on the occiput and the dorsal part of the body (figs . 2 and_3), already pointed out by TOMIYAMA (1936) and others . Differences were also apparent in the pit organs (figs. 4-9), the gill rakers (figs . 10, 11, 13 and 14, and table6), the premaxillary (figs. 12 and 15, and table 7), the cranium (figs. 16-21 andtable 8). As BLEEKER (1869) 1) and others pointed out, differences of body shape arenoticeable, too (figs. 2 and 3, and table 5). Besides these differences, since it is, known that these two species were both collected in the same region:Tainan, _Taiwan (TOMIYAMA, 1936), Tungkang, Taiwan (LIANG, 1951), and Hainan (HARADA, .1943), it is reasonable to regard their differences as specific differences .
The affinity of the original descriptions of Gobius olivaceus from Japa n andGobius fasciato-punctatus from Canton to "urohaze" is remarkable . Gobius fasciatopunctatus clearly reveals the characteristics of "urohaze" . In the illustrations in.Richardson's Ichthyology the characteristic black specks arevery obvious. Gobiusolivaceus was only described and illustrated from a plate from Burger's collection in_Japan. Although the plate in the Fauna Japonica shows well the general characteristics of "urohaze", Burger's original plate shows a closer affinity with the characteristic black specks noticeable on the occiput and the dorsal part of the body (fig, 22 and table 9).
As for the priority of Gobius olivaceus and Gobius fasciato -punctatus, I was ableto find out that the former has priority over the latter . The reason is as follows Richardson's Ichthyology in the library of the Zoological Institute of the Universityof Tokyo is composed of three parts. The last part, which contains Gobius fasciatopunctatus, has the date October, 1845, on the cover as shown in fig. 23. Thus thedate of publication should be regarded as the 31st of October according to theInternational Code of Zoological Nomenclature. Gobius olivaceus is on page 143 inPisces of VON SIEBOLD'S Fauna Japonica, which was published in 16 instalments.There have been some papers treating the dates of publication of the instalments(table 10).

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In this paper the author has newly examined the brain of 11 Japanese teleosts which belong to the families Moridae, Gadidae, Bregmacerotidae and Macrouridae of the order Gadida. As the result, it has been ascertained that all of these fishes have the brain pattern peculiar to this order, and that the brain is differentiated morphologically among the suborders or families and probably even among the genera.
1. As has been pointed out by several authors on some species of Gadidae, the olfactory bulbs in Gadida are always separated from the olfactory lobes, being connected with them by a pair of olfactory tracts.
2. In the suborder Gadina, each olfactory bulb remains in the precranial cavity and is anteriorly connected with the olfactory sac by an olfactory nerve. But, in Macrourina it migrates forward into the nasal fossa to be close together with the olfactory sac. Consequently, the olfactory nerve is not recognized between the bulb and sac in this suborder. The olfactory tract is widely separated from its opposite mate and does not enter the orbit in Gadina, while it is overlapped by its opposite mate and passes through the orbit anteriorly in Macrourina. Moreover, in the former the hypophysis is depressed and shovel-like in ventral view, but in the latter it is mussive and hangs downward.
3. General features of the brain in each family may be summarized as follows in Moridae the brain which is moderately compressed bilaterally in general appearance is similar to that of Gadidae in its basic pattern, the olfactory tract extends from the anterior end to the posterior end of the precranial cavity, the surface of the olfactory lobe is complex in shape, the large cerebellar corpus is cylindrical in shape and extends backward to the rhomboid fossa, and the inferior lobe, acoustic-lateral area (granular eminence and cerebellar crest) and vascular sac are well developed. But the gadids are different from the morids in having the optic lobes larger than the telencephalon and the olfactory tract consisting of 2 cords, median and lateral. In Bregmacerotidae, the brain is cylindrical in general appearance, the olfactory tract is very short, the surface of the olfactory lobe is almost smooth, the cerebellar corpus is strikingly depressed, and the inferior lobe, acoustic-lateral area and vascular sac are not developed. The medulla oblongata in this family is strikingly enlarged and gives rise to the 1st to 3rd spinal nerves which run downwards along the posterior margin of the shoulder girdle to enter the outer 3 soft rays of the pelvic fin produced into filaments. The macrouroids have the brain highly compressed, long olfactory tract and large cerebellar corpus erected upwards. In this family the acoustic-lateral area and inferior lobe are very well developed, but the vascular sac is rather small.

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A new upper Miocene sardine Eosardinella hishinaiensis new genus and species from the Hishinai formation, Northeastern Japan, is described in this paper. The new form closely resembles the recent Indo-Pacific species Sardinella aurita VALEN-CIENNES. Clupea sardinites HECKEL, a Polish Tertiary clupeid fish, may also belong to this new genus.

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Botia macracanthus est une des deux espèces décrites par BLEEKER (1862, p.12) dans la faune de 1'Insulinde (Sumatra, Bornéo) comme appartenant à la famille des Cobitidés. Celle-ci se place entre les Catostomidés, représentant les formes les plus primitives des Eventognathi (JORDAN), et les Cyprinidés plus évolués. Elle comprend plus de 80 espèces dont l'origine parait se placer dans les eaux douces des hauts plateaux asiatiques et dont certaines se sont répandues dans les plaines d'Asie et d'Europe. Dans nos contrees on reconnait sous le nom de loches trois espèces: Cobitis taenia L., Cobitis (Nemachilus) barbatula (L.) et Misgurnus fossilis (L.). Beaucoupe d'auteurs ont attribué une grande valeur systématique à la présence ou à l'absence d'une épine érectile placée en avant de l'orbite, mais d'autres savants comme MOREAU et LILLJEBORG considèrent ce caractère comme insuffisant pour prendre une valeur générique. Dans les espèces européennes, cette épine préorbitaire est présente dans Cobitis taenia, fait défaut dans C.(Nemachilus) barbatula et est cachée sous la peau dans Misgurnus fossilis.
Les Cobitidés, conservant la biologie des Catostomidés, relèevent encore du type fouisseur, en ayant gardé l'habitude de chercher leur nourriture dans la vase qu'ils explorent avec l'aide de leurs barbillons, et il nous a paru intéressant de rechercher le mécanisme de la liaison qui devait exister entre cette quête des proies et les réactions de l'épine érectile.

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Fish faunae in the upper and the lower streams of the Kanogawa Reservoir in the Hijikawa River system, Ehime Prefecture, Shikoku, were quantitatively investigated mainly by diving observation in August, 1960.
27 species of the fish were listed from these streams. In the upper stream of the reservoir, a pale chub Zacco temmincki predominated in number and its density was 0.62 per square meter in the upper part of the research area, while a dark chub Z. platypus was extremely abundant and amounted to 4.65 per square meter in density in the neighbourhood of the reservoir. In the lower stream of the reservoir, . adult and subadult of Z. platypus predominated in number throughout the research area and they were the largest in number in the rapid, but their maximum density was 1.33 per square meter. This species was quite absent throughout the river system before the construction of the reservoir, though Z. temmincki was rather abundant in the lower stream too. The latter species was the largest in number in the pool, especially near the bank with deep water.
A salmon-like fish, Ayu, Plecoglossus altivelis was the most abundant in the rapid. of the lowerstream of the reservoir, especially in the part just below the dam. The largest density of this species was 0.88 per square meter. 95% fiducial ranges of the mean of the total body length of P. altivelis in the lower stream were 16.5-16.7 cm and 18.0-18.4 cm in the two stations near the dam and 15.8-16.0 cm throughout the research area. These values were statistically significantly small as compared with the mean total body length of this species obtained from the same area and in the same season about two years before the construction of the reservoir.

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Epinephelus akaara (TEMMINCK et SCHLEGEL) is one of the commonly found serranid fishes, and widely distributed in the coastal waters of south-western Japan. From middle of July to early September, 1965, the authors observed the spawning behavior and egg development of this fish at the Hakatashima Station, Ehime Prefecture, and reard its hatched larvae about 2 weeks.
The spawning in the culturing pond (2.4×5×0.7 m) occurred at 3.30 to 4.30 p.m, in every occasion. The successive spawning behaviors are shown in a diagramatic way in Fig. 1. At first the male approached the female gently (a), then both the male and female swam circularly with their operculars ad jointed (b). At the spawn ing, they dashed to and jumped 2 or 3 times above the water surface (c). After the spawning, the male left the female (d). It took about 1-2 minutes for a pair of fish to complete such a spawning behavior.
The egg is pelagic, spherical in shape, measuring 0.70-0.77 mm in diameter. The yolk is colorless, transparent, and without conspicuous structure, containing a single colorless oil globule measuring 0.15-0.16 mm in diameter.
The egg development (Fig. 2, a-f) was much the same as observed on the other agpelic eggs. No pigment cells developed in the egg, but many colorless granules appeared during the embryonic development. The hatching took place in 23-25 hours after the spawning at the water temperature 25.1-27.0°C.
The newly hatched larva is 1.454.56 mm in total length, and the oil globule situated in the posterior part of the yolk. The surface of the body as well as the marginal fin and the yolk is covered with granules. The number of myotomes is 11+14=25 (Fig. 2, g).
The larva attained 2.00-2.08 mm in total length 16 hours after hatching, when. the first appearance of the melanophores was observed on the dorsal part of the alimentary canal.
In 4.5 days after hatching the yolk and oil globule were entirely consumed. The melanophores of the alimentary canal increased in size, and several others were alsa seen in the middle part of the ventral side of the tail (Fig. 2, i).
In 7 days the larva reached 3.83 mm in total length, and the abdominal cavity was thickly coved with melanophores. The anterior part of the dorsal fin base appeared just behind the head (Fig. 2, j).
In 15 days the larva measured 4.05 mm in total length, having long dorsal and ventral spines. The caudal fin was just form.

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Lagocephalus lunaris spadiceus (RICHARDSON) is a common puffer in Japan and the only harmless one having no tetradotoxin, widely distributed from the waters around. Japan to the East China Sea and Indo-Australian regions.
The author carried out the artificial insemination at Nomozaki Machi neighbouring districts of Nagasaki City on June 22, 1965, and reared hatched larvae feeding with the boiled egg yolk and brine shrimp nauplii.
The spawning season seems to extend from the middle of May to the latter of June in the east part of Gotto Nada, Kyushu.
The egg is colorless and transparent, demersal and faintly adhensive in nature, . spherical in shape measuring 0.61-0.70 mm in diameter with a claster of small oil-globules each measuring 0.009-0.09 mm.
The incubation period was about 76 hours at the water temperature 21.7-24.5°C. In the course of development, the small oil-globules united in two or three larger ones accompanied by one or two small ones, but did not unite in the only one.
The newly hatched larva was slender in form and 1.91 mm in total length. It had 21 (8+13) myomers. The yolk was elongated elliptical, 0.82 mm in long axis, with three or five oil-globules. The abdominal surface of the trunck was covered with melanophores and xanthophores, but other part of the body except the yolk was free from any chromatophores. It swam freely in the tank.
The four day old larva began to bite the boiled egg yolk. In five days after being hatched, the larva consumed its yolk and attained 2.4 mm in total length. The nine day old larva began to bite the brine shrimp nauplii. In 18 days the rudiments.. of the dosal, anal and caudal fins were formed. In 26-31 days the larva 6.6 mm in total length reached early juvenile stage.

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1. Regeneration of the mandibular barbel The fry of the catfish possesses two pairs of mandibular barbels: one is permanent and the other is temporary. The temporary barbels degenerate and ultimataly disappear when the body length of the fry exceeds about 40 mm (ATODA, 1935). The regenerative ability of the temporary barbels may be expected to diminish gradually according to the increase in body length of the fry. The present paper reports on the regeneration of both the permanent and the temporary barbels of the fry measuring 20 mm and 35 mm in total length, respectively. In 60 animals, the distal one-third of a pair of right mandibular barbels was amputated.
In the 20 mm long fry, the permanent and the temporary mandibular barbels were similar in the processes of regeneration. Within six hours after amputation, a two-cell layer of epidermis covered the wound area, and perichondrial cells infiltrated into the space between the end of the cartilaginous rod and the overlying epidermis. By approximately twelve hours after amputation, the perichondrial cells mentioned above increased in number and oriented at a rigth angle to the axis of the cartilage. The accumlation of the perichondrial cells represents the initial formation of blastema of cartilaginous rod. By about three days after amputation, the blastema differentiated into cartilaginous rod, and incipient terminal buds appeared in the epidermis of the regenerate. Once the cartilaginous rod blastema had been formed, the regenerate elongated at the rate of about 0.25 mm per day at temperatures varing between 20-23°C, and attained the similar length and structure to those of the intact barbel by five days after amputation.
The processes of the regeneration of permanent barbels of the 35 mm long fry were similar to those of the barbels of the 20 mm long fry, except that the former needed more time than the latter in accomplishment of the regeneration.
The temporary barbels of the 35 mm long fry showed degenerative figures in their structure, and failed to regenerate normally. One day after amputation, the end of the barbel stump was barely covered with a layer of epidermal cells, but the accumulation of the perichondrial cells did not occur,
2. Histology of the mandibular barbel of three catfishes of Lake Biwa Three species of catfishes of Lake Biwa can be distinguished from their morphology and mode of life (TOMODA, 1961, '62). TOMODA (1961, '62) found that the mandibular barbel of Parasilurus biwaensis, a member of the catfises, was short and very feeble. He suspected that the barbel might be little effective as a sensory organ (personal communications). However, the present observation revealed that there were no great differences in histological structure among barbels of these three catfishes.

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[in Japanese]

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The part 16 of this article contains descriptions of life colours of 20 species (nos. 215 to 234), all of them have been collected in the Suruga Bay in 1964. Some interesting species are Photon'ectes albipinnis, Owstonia grammodon, Lycodes caudimaculatus, colour variants of Lagocephalus lunaris, etc. And 5 other new additions to the Bay are listed. Their detailed notes were appeared in the Zoological Magazine 73 (3): 88-90 in 1965.

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The writers obtained an adult example of Tetragonurus cuvieri in Miyako Bay on December, 6 1963.
We suppos that it came into the Bay from the open sea because of tidal wave on October 13, 1963.
An adult example of Tetragonurus atlanticus had been preserved for a long time at Miyako Fisheries High School.
We suppose that it was taken near Miyako Bay, but we don'not know the catching date.

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An albino specimen of Sebastolobus macrochir (GÜNTHER) was caught by bottom trawl on Sep.29. 1964, from a depth of 275 m. off Cape Erimo, Japan. Its standard length is 232 mm. The body color is pale black.

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