Japanese Journal of Ichthyology

On the So-called Accessory Respiratory Organ “Gill-helix” Found in Some Clupeiform Fishes, with Special Reference to Its Function and Its Genealogy

Nisuke TAKAHASI

1957 Volume 5 Issue 3-6 Pages 71-77
Published: February 25, 1957
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11369/jji1950.5.71

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Morphological change of intestine in the larval stage of wild gold-fish (Carassius auratus)

1. Observation on variety “Gengorobuna”

Masa YOSHIZAKI

1957 Volume 5 Issue 3-6 Pages 78-83
Published: February 25, 1957
Released on J-STAGE: July 04, 2011

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11369/jji1950.5.78

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The morphological change or coiling of “Gengorobuna” variety in Carassius auratus was observed in 6 lots of specimens along the growth of the fish. Observation was based Dn the 122 individuals obtained in Nursery pond at Ito Fish Farm, Mie prefecture in 1952.It was found that 1) In the fish of 70-80 days old (after hatching) the “Gengorobuna” or C type of coiling of the organ is formulated, and 2) The developmental change of the intestine apparently shows the characteristic feature of organ passed by four-established forms-Cyprinus carpio→“Kinbuna” variety (Carassius auratus) →“Ginbuna” variety (C.auratus) →“Gengorobuna”varieiy (C. auratus).

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On the morphological changes of the salmon fry with the absorption of yolk

Y. SHIRAISHI, I. UCHIDA

1957 Volume 5 Issue 3-6 Pages 85-92
Published: February 25, 1957
Released on J-STAGE: July 04, 2011

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11369/jji1950.5.85

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On the pituitary gland of a northern Japanese blenny, Stichaeus grigorjewi HERZENSTEIN

Yoshiharu HONMA

1957 Volume 5 Issue 3-6 Pages 93-98
Published: February 25, 1957
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11369/jji1950.5.93

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Ecological study of Salangichthys microdon in breeding season

Yaichiroh OKADA, Kohichiroh MORI

1957 Volume 5 Issue 3-6 Pages 99-106
Published: February 25, 1957
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11369/jji1950.5.99

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The present paper is an account of the ecological observations on Salangichthys microdon in the breeding season, which was conducted at Akasuka, Kuwana City, located at the mouth of the Nagara-River, during from February to April of 1955.
The results obtained are summarized as follows:
1 . Composition of body length:
The Kasumi-ami (a kind of Gill-net) is used for the catching of fishes in this fisheries ground. The fishes in the breeding season are composed of one age-group and the remarkable change of their composition for both sexes were not expected.
2. Relationship between body length and body weight:
Comparing with materials of both sexes, the differences are not found in slopes, but the significant differences are in intercepts, which are due to the following facts ; firstly the decrease of body weight on account of the spawning, secondly, the increase of body weight as the result of the mature of gonad.
3. Composition of weight of ovary:
As the result of the absence of the materials at the most-spawning season from our materials, the remarkable change of the composition was scarcely recognized. But, it is estimated from our data that .the change of the composition is roughly parallel to that of body length, and the flourishing spawning season extends from about the middle of March to the first part of May.

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On the pituitary gland of some Japanese elasmobranchiate fishes

Yoshiharu HONMA

1957 Volume 5 Issue 3-6 Pages 107-113
Published: February 25, 1957
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11369/jji1950.5.107

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The morphology, histology and the sub-division of the pituitary gland of seven species of Japanese elasmobranchiate fish were described in this paper. And the following results were obtained.
1. The pituitary gland of the elasmobranchiate fish consists of four components as is the case with the higher vertebrates essentially. They are the pars anterior, which is subdivided into (1) the pars tuberalis and (2) the pars principalis, (3) the pars intermedia and (4) the pars nervosa respectively. In Raja, however, the pars anterior is divided into four parts, and so called the “ventral lobe” (the pars ventralis) is well developed. Although the pars ventralis is a elongate part of the pars anterior, but not homologous to the pars tuberalis of others.
2. The general structure of the pituitary of the elasmobranchiate fish is more similar to the pituitary of the cyclostomata rather than that of the teleost.
The pars intermedia lies in the most posterior part, and occupies largest area of the pituitary. On the contrary, the development of the pars nervosa is very poor, forming merely an elongation and expansion of the infundibulum, and it lies in the dorsal roof of the glandular parts. However, in Raja the pars nervosa is surrounded by the pars intermedia, and these two parts make up so called the “neuro-intermediate lobe.”
3. In the young fish the pars anterior is constructed from the cord of the columnar cells, while in the adult fish these cells are arranged in the follicles.
In general the part which homologous to the pars tuberalis and also the pars principalis composed of the basophiles and the acidophiles respectively only with the exception of Dasyatis in which the reversal of the chromophilic nature of the cells is recognized. The pars ventralis of Raja consists of the convoluting cord of the basophiles. In the pars intermedia the acidophiles arranged in the remarkable convoluting cord commonly, but in Dasyatis the basophiles are recognized in this part.

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Development of carp eggs inseminated with some foreign sperms (preliminary report)

Ryo SUZUKI

1957 Volume 5 Issue 3-6 Pages 114-117
Published: February 25, 1957
Released on J-STAGE: February 23, 2011

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11369/jji1950.5.114

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The cross experiments between carp eggs and some foreign sperms, i. e. between different classes, suborders, families or genera, were performed and the development of stocks of crossed eggs were compared with each other. In the interfamiliar and intergeneric cross bred eggs the initial cleavage seemed to be identical with that of pure bred ones. Most of them died at the gastrula or the hatching stage, and a few were deformed larvae which died within one to twenty-one days after hatching. However, the crossed eggs between carp (Cyprinus carpio) _??_ × crusian carp (Carassius carassius) _??_ developed norrnally.
In the eggs crossed with crusian carp_??_, fat minnow (Sarcocheilichthys variegatus) _??_, schyth fish (Pseudogobio esocinus) _??_ and common Japanese bitteling (Acheilognathus lanceolata) _??_, a gradient of the developnlental vlgor was found, and the order of this gradient is almost in favour of that from the phylogenetic tree which was made by H. KOBAYASI (1952). But the eggs crossed with Misgurnus anguillicaudatus (Cobitidae) _??_ developed more vigorousiv than that with A. lanceolata (Cyprinidae) _??_. This fact seems to suggest that the success in development of heterogenic cross bred eggs is not always correlated with the taxonomical affinity of the species used.
The eggs crossed with medaka (Oryzias latipes) _??_ which is of a different suborder and with a frog (Rana nigromaculata) _??_ did not develop at all.

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On the life colors of some fishes-V

Nagamichi KURODA

1957 Volume 5 Issue 3-6 Pages 118-122
Published: February 25, 1957
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11369/jji1950.5.118

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The part five of this article contains descriptions of life colors of ten species (nos. 77-86) of the Apodes found in Suruga Bay. The interesting species are as follows: Ophichthus urolophus, O. roseus, Gymnothorax leucostigma, etc. The remaining species of the Apodes, with some exceptions, found in this bay were already mentioned their life colors in several zoological or ichthiological publications in Japan.

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Secretory Cells in the Gills of an Indian Fresh-water Spiny Eel, Mastacembelus armatus (LACÉP.)

B. G. KAPOOR

1957 Volume 5 Issue 3-6 Pages 123-126
Published: February 25, 1957
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11369/jji1950.5.123

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(i) The morphology and histology of the gill filaments of Mastacembelus armatus are described.
(ii) Chloride secreting cells are absent in the branchial epithelium.
(iii) The intra-epithelial branchial glands are the mucous cells.
(iv) COPELAND, KEYS and WILLMER and others have described certain cells in respiratory (branchial) epithelium of fishes which appear in fishes adapted to different osmotic environments.
The fact, however, that BEVELANDER, the author and others, have described only mucous cells in this environment, and the very great possibility that mucus is concerned with ionic transfer suggests that chloride and other ionic transfer effected by the branchial epithelium is mediated by mucous cells.

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Oral Valves of Teleosts

B. G. KAPOOR

1957 Volume 5 Issue 3-6 Pages 127-131
Published: February 25, 1957
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11369/jji1950.5.127

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Pharyngeal Pockets of Gadusia chapra (HAM.)

B. G. KAPOOR

1957 Volume 5 Issue 3-6 Pages 132-135
Published: February 25, 1957
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11369/jji1950.5.132

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A New Osmerid Fish, Hypomesus sakhalinus new species, Obtained From Lake Taraika, Sakhalin

Keikichi HAMADA

1957 Volume 5 Issue 3-6 Pages 136-141
Published: February 25, 1957
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11369/jji1950.5.136

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Description of a New Fresh Water Cat-Fish, Coreobagrus ichikawai, with an Emendation of the Genus Coreobagrus MORI

Yaichirô OKADA, Saburoh S. KUBOTA

1957 Volume 5 Issue 3-6 Pages 143-145
Published: February 25, 1957
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11369/jji1950.5.143

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Biological studies on a dragonet, Synchiropus altivelis (TEMMINCK et SCHLEGEL)

Masato AKAZAKI

1957 Volume 5 Issue 3-6 Pages 146-152
Published: February 25, 1957
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11369/jji1950.5.146

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In the course of my study on a dragonet, Synchiropus altivelis (T. & S.), which has still been uncertain about the sexual dimorphism, food habit and so on, some interesting facts have been found to exist. These may be summarized asfollows: 1) The present species is undoubtedly referable to the genus Synchiropus, as already pointed out by SCHULTZ and WOODS (1948) inasmuch as the dorsal soft rays are all branched and devoid of an antrorse spine at the base or on the ventral side of the preopercular spine, as in the members referred to that genus.The present species, however, apparently more closely resembles the members of Callionymus than do the rest of the members of the present genus in the relative position of the gill-opening and in the degree of the depression of the head. 2) The present species is rather widely distributed in the sea between that part of Japan with Yokohama on the Pacific coastand Kasumi (Hyogo Pref.) on the Japan Sea in the north and Formosa in the south. The southern limit of the distribution, however, appears to be more or less uncertain. 3) Remarkable secondary sexual dimorphism is found to exist in relative lengths of dorsalsoft rays, posterior anal rays and caudal fin rays in specimens larger than about 100mm in body length (Figs.1, 2 and Table 2); the rays are decidedly longer in males than in females. Males are also distinguished from females by the difference in color pattern on dorsal and caudal fins. 4) Thefood of the young as well as the adult consists chiefly of small crustaceous animals, such as copepods and ostracods. Its stomach contents have revealed that it also lives on some small benthonic invertebrates (Table 3). 5) We can conjecture from the anatomical study that the fish spawns during the period between late winter and early spring.

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A study on a short term prediction of the days when porgies are caught to the maximum in spring at the fishing-grounds with the fishing implement called “Masuami” in Japan

Kojiro TANAKA

1957 Volume 5 Issue 3-6 Pages 153-157
Published: February 25, 1957
Released on J-STAGE: February 23, 2011

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11369/jji1950.5.153

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In this study, the investigation has been made to obtain data to predict, in a short term, the days in spring when porgies are caught to the maximum with the fishing implement called “Masuami” in Japan at four fishing-grounds, namely, Sanbonmatsu, Sakate, Yasuda and Fukuda; the main points of the results are as follows;
1. The days in spring when porgies are caught to the maximum, and the annual fluctuation at the porgy-fihsing-grounds are as follows:
2. The sunshining-hours at the porgy-fishing-grounds and their daily fluctuation are as follows;
3. The data given above can be used for the short term prediction of the days when porgies are caught to the maximum in spring with the fishing-implement called “Masuami” in Japan, at the porgy fishing-grounds.

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A study on a prediction of porgy-fishery in spring at the porgy-fishing-grounds with the fishing implement called “Masuami” in Japan

Kojiro TANAKA

1957 Volume 5 Issue 3-6 Pages 158-162
Published: February 25, 1957
Released on J-STAGE: February 23, 2011

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11369/jji1950.5.158

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In this study, the investigation has been made to obtain data to predict the fishery of porgy in spring at the porgy-fishing-grounds with the implement called “Masuami” at Fukuda fishing-grounds in Kagawa Prefecture; the main points of the result are as follows;
1. The average catches of “Madai” from 1950 to 1956 are asfollows;
2. The rates of decrease of 5-11 age group of porgy from 1950 to 1956 are as follows;
3. The average age composition and average age group from 1950 to 1956 are as follows;
4. The above data can be used for the prediction of porgy-fishery in spring with the fishing-implement called “Masuami” at Fukuda fishing-grounds in Kagawa Prefecture.

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Ecological and phyletic significance of anal fin between cyprinids and catostomid fish

Takeichiro KAFUKU

1957 Volume 5 Issue 3-6 Pages 163-173
Published: February 25, 1957
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11369/jji1950.5.163

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For distinguishing cyprinid fish from catostomids, Hums and LAGLER (1947) have offered a general standard as cited in the present paper (p.164).
However, their belief on morphological law on anal fin will be confined to American freshwater fish.
If their, law is adopted to the classification of our Japanese cyprinid fish (46 speices in 27 genera), it seems illogical to find that most of the bottom dwellers referred to Gobioninae in our water falls within the same category as catostomid fish.
This fact alone will lead us to believe the law proposed by the above two workers based on general relation between the mode of living and proportional length of body parts, but not on a fact more deeply rooted.
It is worthy of notice that Gobioninae falling in the category of sucker circumscribed by this law have sucking lips without exception, and in their external appearance our gobionine fish have much higher resemblance to Catostomidae than other Cyprinidae of Japan.
The phenomenon seems to suggest that the family of sucker have radiated adapting themselves to North American waters, and one or two species in Asia, while far greater number of Cyprinidae have evolved in the old-world. In other words, some cyprinid fish of the old-world, say Gobioninae, corresponding to sucker in the new-world, have occupied bottom layer as their normal niche just as the catostomid fish done in America. The writer considered that the phenomenon as such may safely be interpreted as an example of ‘parallelism’ in evolution discipline which is generally accepted.

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[title in Japanese]

[in Japanese]

1957 Volume 5 Issue 3-6 Pages 174
Published: February 25, 1957
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11369/jji1950.5.174

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On the pituitary gland of some Japanese teleosts

Yoshiharu HONMA

1957 Volume 5 Issue 3-6 Pages 175-181
Published: February 25, 1957
Released on J-STAGE: February 23, 2011

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11369/jji1950.5.175

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In this paper the author mentioned on the morphology of the pituitary gland of more than thirty species of Japanese teleosts.
1. The pituitary gland of teleost consists of four components essentially. They are, the glandular parts originated from buccal ectoderm, (1) the pars tuberalis, (2) the pars principalis (these two make up the pars anterior), (3) the pars intermedia anteriorly, and (4) the pars nervosa, the neural part originated from the floor of the diencephalon.
The author entertain doubt as to the conformity of the “Übergangsteil, ” advocated by STNEDELL. And on the contrary he recognizes, the independence of the pars tuberalis and the pars principalis instead of being “Übergangsteil.”
2. In general the basic structure of teleost pituitaries showed the more similarity between the more related species. The size sequence of glandular parts in the median saggital section is: the pars intermedia≥the pars pars principalis>the pars tuberalis.
3. The pars tuberalis composed of the relatively compact tissue with pale color, and the week acidophiles or the chromophobes are predominating.
The pars principalis is divided into two main types of tissues, which are (1) the cubical acidophiles, arranged in the cord of single epithelial layer with conspicuous dorsal fluctuation, (2) the large mass of the polygonal basophiles or the chromohpobic chief cells situating in the ventral side of the pituitary. Furthermore, in the pars principalis the deep carmine cells were recognized besides the α-, β-, and γ- cells.
The pars intermedia is the largest in the glandular parts, and occupies about half of them, which is composed of the weak basophiles, mainly. Although the pars intermedia forms the cluster or the acinus types, enclosing the pars nervosa tightly.
4. The pars nervosa penetrates the gland dorsally from the pars anterior to the pars intermedia as a thick nervous trunk which branching off many roots laterally to all glandular parts. In some species, however, a few hyaline bodies (so called the “HERRING'S bodies”) were observed to exist in the vicinity of the pituitary stalk. Moreover, this part has the topographical interrelation with the pars intermedia.
5. In some large adult fish many vacuoles, varying in size, were found to exist here and there in the pituitary gland.

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A case of the Janus monstrosity found in the chum salmon embryo

[in Japanese]

1957 Volume 5 Issue 3-6 Pages 182-183
Published: February 25, 1957
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11369/jji1950.5.182

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