Japanese Journal of Ichthyology

Paraspinibarbus, a New Genus of Cyprinid Fishes from the Red River Basin

Xin-Luo Chu, Maurice Kottelat

1989 Volume 36 Issue 1 Pages 1-5
Published: June 28, 1989
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11369/jji1950.36.1

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Paraspinibarbus, a new and monotypic genus, is erected for Spinibarbus macracanthus Pellegrin et Chevey, 1936, a cyprinid from the Red River basin. It is characterized by a procumbent predorsal spine and a very thick lower lip with a continuous postlabial groove. Balantiocheilus hekouensis Wu, 1977 is a junior subjective synonym of Paraspinibarbus macracanthus. A lecto-type is designated for S. macracanthus.

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Morphological Comparison of Squalus blainvillei and S. megalops in the Eastern Atlantic, with Notes on the Genus

Ramón Muñoz-Chápuli, Fernando Ramos

1989 Volume 36 Issue 1 Pages 6-21
Published: June 28, 1989
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11369/jji1950.36.6

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Morphological comparisons are made from the study of 64 specimens belonging to the following species: Squalus acanthias, S. blainvillei, S. megalops and S. acutirostris. The results suggest conspecificity between S. acutipinnis and S. megalops. The differences between S. blainvillei and S. megalops in the E-Atlantic are stressed. The Indo-Pacific species called S. blainvillei by Chen et al.(1979) is regarded in this paper as probably an undescribed species. Some consideration on the status of several nominal species and the species grouping within Squalus are also made.

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Nomenclature of Cartilaginous Elements in the Caudal Skeleton of Teleostean Fishes

Kiyoshi Fujita

1989 Volume 36 Issue 1 Pages 22-29
Published: June 28, 1989
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11369/jji1950.36.22

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Nomenclature and abbreviations are proposed for the cartilaginous elements of the caudal skeleton of teleostean fishes. These were developed on the basis of examination of 510 species within 198 families of 31 orders and the determination of the positional relationship between these structures and the bony elements. A review of the most important relative literature is also provided.

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Genetic Differentiation among Eight Color Types of the Freshwater Goby, Rhinogobius brunneus, from Western Japan

Yasuji Masuda, Takakazu Ozawa, Sumio Enami

1989 Volume 36 Issue 1 Pages 30-41
Published: June 28, 1989
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11369/jji1950.36.30

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Genetic differentiation among eight color types of the freshwater goby, Rhinogobius brunneus, from the western part of Japan was investigated by using electrophoretic methods. Four sympatric types (Cross-band, Dark, Cobalt and Large-Dark (A) types) did not share alleles at between one and six loci out of 12 loci tested. No hybrid specimens were found among these types. The average genetic distances among these four types ranged from 0.13 to 0.72, which fall within the range of values among congeneric species of fishes. The average genetic distances among the other four types, Large-Dark (B), Orange, Shinji-Lake and Boso types, were only 0.01 to 0.03, and fall within the range of values among conspecific populations. These results suggest that the former four types are clearly discrete species and the latter four types may be considered as intraspecific variations of a fifth species.

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Development of the Pharyngeal Teeth in the Big Head, Aristichthys nobilis (Cyprinidae)

Tsuneo Nakajima, Peiqi Yue

1989 Volume 36 Issue 1 Pages 42-47
Published: June 28, 1989
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11369/jji1950.36.42

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The development of pharyngeal dentition was observed in the big head, Aristichthys nobilis, which is one of the hypophthalmichthyines of the cyprinids. This fish has the C-type larval dentition, in which no teeth ever occur at the position An3, and in which the first tooth at the position An2 is on the third replacement wave. So the positions Po 1, Ce0, An1 and An2 in the larval dentition correspond to the positions A4, A3, A2 and Al in the adult dentition, re-spectively. The initial tooth at each position is a conical one. The conical teeth are then changed to ones bearing a narrow grinding surface with a hook at the tip and some denticles on the margins. These teeth are of the Leuciscus stage. In the following teeth, the grinding surface is expanded, and the denticles are increased in number and distributed on not only the margins but also the whole grinding surface. These teeth bearing a very broad grinding surface characterize the hy-pophthalmichthyines. At the positions A2 to A4, the teeth become the hypophthalmichthyine type in the larval period. But the tooth at the position Al becomes the hypophthalmichthyine type in the juvenile period. The morphological change of teeth in this species is simple although their teeth are highly specialized. We think that this phenomenon gives a hint on their phylogeny.

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Release of Erythrocytes from the Spleen during Exercise and Splenic Constriction by Adrenaline Infusion in the Rainbow Trout

Jun Kita, Yasuo Itazawa

1989 Volume 36 Issue 1 Pages 48-52
Published: June 28, 1989
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11369/jji1950.36.48

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Erythrocyte-supplying function of the spleen was examined in the rainbow trout Salmo gairdneri under exercise. The spleen showed remarkable reduction, about 70% in weight and about 85% in hemoglobin content, after forced exercise of 15min. The amount of erythrocytes released from the spleen was 2.33ml/kg body, and this amount corresponds to about 20% of the total volume of circulating erythrocytes in resting condition. No damage was observed at the spleen, splenic artery and splenic vein after the exercise. Examination of the vascular system by a corrosion casting method showed that no place other than the venous circulation exists for the erythrocytes released from the contracted spleen. The spleen was strongly constricted by infusion of adrenaline into the organ. These facts imply that the fish spleen supplies stored hemoglobin into the circulating blood in response to an increased demand of oxygen during exercise, under the control of the sympathetic nervous system.

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The Kidney, Adrenocortical Homolog, and Corpuscles of Stannius in the Cockscomb Prickleback Anoplarchus purpurescens

John H. Youson, David G. Butler, Kanella Tsioros

1989 Volume 36 Issue 1 Pages 53-62
Published: June 28, 1989
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11369/jji1950.36.53

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The morphology of the kidney, adrenocortical homolog, and the corpuscles of Stannius was examined in the cockscomb prickleback, Anoplarchus purpurescens, a marine teleost which inhabits the intertidal zone. The paired kidneys of this fish are fused throughout most of their length, there is essentially a single posterior cardinal vein on the right side, they possess renal corpuscles, and there is no distal segment of the tubule. The tubule is specialized, in descending order, into ciliated neck and two proximal segments before entering the system of collecting tubules and ducts. The cells of the latter system are specialized for mucous secretion, as are cells of the main excretory ducts, the paired archinephric ducts. Tubulogenesis occurs in the kidneys in close apposition to the archinephric ducts. The presumptive adrenocortical homolog is located around the posterior cardinal veins in the head kidney while paired corpuscles of Stannius are confined to the posterior end of the kidney. All of the above features are consistent with those found in the kidneys of many other marine teleosts.

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Encephalization in Gobioidei (Teleostei)

Marie-Louise Bauchot, Jean-Marc Ridet, Monique Diagne, Roland Bauchot

1989 Volume 36 Issue 1 Pages 63-74
Published: June 28, 1989
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11369/jji1950.36.63

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We have measured the brain and body weight and determined the encephalization index for 180 species of fishes belonging to six families of the suborder Gobioidei. Within the Teleostei, these fishes exhibit a remarkably broad range in the values of their encephalization indices, but most values are in the low to middle range. Within the Gobioidei there is relatively little difference in the degree of encephalization among the different families and subfamilies except the Kraemeriidae and Amblyopinae which have low encephalization indices and the Oxudercinae (including Periophthalmus) and Rhyacichthyidae which are highly encephalized. We have shown that the form of the body has an effect on the degree of encephalization. Elongate fishes have low values, probably because of the excessive mass of their body skeleton which raises the body weight relative to the brain size. The environment in which the fishes live is correlated, in general, with their relative brain size. The values of the encephalization index arranged from low to high by habitat are as follows: mud-dwelling fishes, fresh-water fishes, brackish-water fishes, burrowing marine fishes, free-living marine fishes, torrent fishes and amphibious fishes. The low values of the Amblyopinae and Kraemeriidae can be explained in terms of their being both mud-dwelling and elongate.

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Ethological and Haematological Response of Catfish, Heteropneustes fossilis, Exposed to Exogenous Urea

Ajmal Murad, Saleem Mustafa

1989 Volume 36 Issue 1 Pages 75-81
Published: June 28, 1989
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11369/jji1950.36.75

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Exposure of the airbreathing catfish, Heteropneustes fossilis to a sublethal concentration (200mg/l) of urea resulted in blanching of skin, increased mucus secretion, hyperexcitability and higher rate of surfacing and gill ventilation. These changes were more pronounced during the first eight days of exposure as compared to the later period. A progressive increase in haematocrit, erythrocyte count, percentage of immature erythrocytes, mean corpuscular volume and erythrocyte sedimentation rate was observed during the 20 day exposure period. White blood cellthrombocyte count registered a sharp decline initially upto 6 days but steadily increased afterwards. Initial decrease in the total leucocyte count was found to be mainly due to the decline in the number of lymphocytes and thrombocytes while the percentage of granulocytes (neutrophils and eosinophils) and monocytes showed a reverse trend.

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Gonadal Morphology of Threadfin Breams, Nemipterus bathybius and N. virgatus: Evidence of Rudimentary Hermaphroditism

Hiroya Takahashi, Koji Kobayashi, Katsumi Suzuki

1989 Volume 36 Issue 1 Pages 82-89
Published: June 28, 1989
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11369/jji1950.36.82

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Gonads of young and adult Nemipterus bathybius and N. virgatus were examined his-tologically. In young N. bathybius males, the testis is composed of a dorsal and a ventral zone separated by thin connective tissue. A duct runs through the center of the dorsal zone, and has an opening on the ventromedian surface of the body, separate from the male genital pore. Along with the start of spermatogenesis in the ventral zone, germ cells distributed in the dorsal zone also begin spermatogenesis and eventually develop into spermatozoa. Consequently, in mature testes the sperm sinuses are formed to enclose the dorsal duct, leaving a small number of germ cells, including oviform cells, retained in the lamellar projections of the duct. Testes of N. virgatus also have essentially the same histological characteristics. No trace of testicular tissue is present in the ovaries, except in four cases of intersexual gonads found in both nemipterid species. It is concluded that the dorsal duct and its lamellar projections are remnants of the ovarian cavity-oviduct system and ovigerous lamellae of the ovarian portion of the gonad, and that these two nemipterid species are rudimentary hermaphrodites in which males have bisexual gonads of the delimited type in their juvenile stages.

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Growth Patterns, and Age and Size at Maturity in Female Cottus hangiongensis, with Special Reference to Their Life-History Variation

Akira Goto

1989 Volume 36 Issue 1 Pages 90-99
Published: June 28, 1989
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11369/jji1950.36.90

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Growth patterns of the 1982 year-class, individual growth patterns, age and size at sexual maturity and longevity in females of the river-sculpin, Cottus hangiongensis (Cottidae), were examined along the course of the Daitobetsu River of southern Hokkaido, Japan. Growth of females slightly varied both along the river course and among individual fishes: slow growth occurs in females from the lower reaches, while more rapid growth occurs in females from upstream areas. Body size and age at the first sexual maturity of females slightly increased towards the upstream, from 52 mm SL and 2 years in the most downstream area to 72 mm SL and 2-3 years in the uppermost site. Longevity was estimated to be 7 years in the downstream areas and 8-9 years in the upstream sites. These results suggest that female life history varies along the course of the river and thus allow us to consider the following alternative reproductive tactics: when females stay in the lower reaches, they attain sexual maturity at a smaller body size and younger age, and have a small clutch size, but when females migrate into the upper reaches, their maturity is delayed until they reach a larger body size and older age, and have a greater clutch size.

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Reexamination of the Status of the Striped Goby

Akihito, Katsuichi Sakamoto

1989 Volume 36 Issue 1 Pages 100-112
Published: June 28, 1989
Released on J-STAGE: February 23, 2011

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11369/jji1950.36.100

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The striped goby was characterized by having more than 50 scales in a longitudinal row and 2 black longitudinal bands from the head to the tail. It has been regarded as 1 species since Tomiyarna (1936) grouped several nominal species into one, Tridentiger trigonocephalus (Gill, 1858). But detailed study has revealed that it can be classified into 2 separate species, T. trigonocephalus and Tridentiger bifasciatus Steindachner, 1881, on the basis of the difference mainly in the forms of the sensory canals and pectoral fins and in the coloration. T. trigonocephalus has been collected from Hokkaido to Kyushu in Japan, and in Korea, China, and Hong Kong abroad. It has immigrated into both California, U.S.A., and New South Wales and Victoria, Australia. T. bifasciatus has been collected in the same area as T. trigonocephalus in Japan, and in the Soviet Union, Korea, China, and Taiwan abroad. Both species inhabit brackish and sea water with stony bottoms, and are often found in the same place. However, T. trigonocephalus has seldom been found in very dilute brackish water, and T. bifasciatus has not been found in undiluted sea water. The type specimen of T. trigonocephalus has not been found, but the identification to T. trigonocephalus was decided on the basis of the closeness of the numbers of the 2nd dorsal and anal fin rays to those of the original description, which were 14 and 13, respectively. In addition, the type specimen was collected in the port of Hong Kong, where the water is not diluted and is unlikely to be suitable as habitat for T. bifasciatus.

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Morphological Comparison of the Mekong Giant Catfish, Pangasianodon gigas, with Other Pangasiid Species

Ayanomiya Fumihito

1989 Volume 36 Issue 1 Pages 113-119
Published: June 28, 1989
Released on J-STAGE: February 23, 2011

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11369/jji1950.36.113

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First Record of the Deep-Sea Fish Xyelacyba myersi (Ophidiidae, Ophidiiformes) from Japan

Yoshihiko Machida

1989 Volume 36 Issue 1 Pages 120-125
Published: June 28, 1989
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11369/jji1950.36.120

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Records of Johnius vogleri (Perciformes, Sciaenidae) from Chinese Waters, with Notes on Its Synonymy

Kunio Sasaki, Kunio Amaoka

1989 Volume 36 Issue 1 Pages 126-128
Published: June 28, 1989
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11369/jji1950.36.126

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Sebastes (Acutomentum) paucispinosus Matsubara, a Junior Synonym of Sebastes alutus (Gilbert)

Minoru Ishida, Kunio Amaoka

1989 Volume 36 Issue 1 Pages 129-134
Published: June 28, 1989
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11369/jji1950.36.129

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Karyotypes in Four Species of the Family Cottidae

Hitoshi Ida, Hiroaki Terashima, Tatsuo Fujimi

1989 Volume 36 Issue 1 Pages 135-140
Published: June 28, 1989
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11369/jji1950.36.135

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Occurrence of Stream-Resident Females in Miyabe Charr

Koji Maekawa

1989 Volume 36 Issue 1 Pages 141-143
Published: June 28, 1989
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11369/jji1950.36.141

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