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Volume 35, Issue 4
Displaying 1-16 of 16 articles from this issue
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Nikolay V. Parin, Alexandr N. Kotlyar1989 Volume 35 Issue 4 Pages 407-413
Published: March 15, 1989
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA new aulopodid fish, Hime microps, is described after two specimens from the Nazca submarine ridge (25°43'S, 85°29'W at 160-165m; 25°42'S, 85°24'W at 162-168m). This species is related to H. japonica and H. curtirostris but differs in having no pyloric caeca and smaller eyes with the horizontal diameter shorter than the snout length. Specimens of H. japonica from off Japan, the Hawaiian submarine ridge and the Tasman Sea are compared and found to be morphologically identical.View full abstractDownload PDF (855K) -
John E. Randall, G. David Johnson, Graham R. Lowe1989 Volume 35 Issue 4 Pages 414-420
Published: March 15, 1989
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe generic name Triso is proposed for the epinephelin fish recent authors have identified as Trisotropis dermopterus (Temminck et Schlegel). Trisotropis Gill is a junior synonym of Mycteroperca Gill. Triso is distinctive in its short head, broad interorbital, foreshortened neurocranium, anteriorly inclined parasphenoid, high and laterally oriented frontoparietal crests, high dorsal fin-ray counts, and pouch-like esophageal swellings. Altiserranus woorei Whitley from New South Wales is placed in the synonymy of T. dermopterus. Altiserranus Whitley, type species Epinephelus multinotatus (Peters), is synonymized with Epinephelus Bloch. T. dermopterus occurs in the Northern Hemisphere off Japan, Korea, Taiwan, and China, and in the Southern Hemisphere off eastern and western Australia; thus it is antitropical in distribution. Available evidence indicates that Triso may be most closely related to the New World genus Paranthias Guichenot.View full abstractDownload PDF (1097K) -
Kenji Mochizuki, Solomon Gultneh1989 Volume 35 Issue 4 Pages 421-427
Published: March 15, 1989
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe percichthyid fish Synagrops spinosus Shultz is recorded for the first time from the West Pacific and is redescribed. Differences between the Pacific and Atlantic specimens are not significant, and they should be classified as the same species. This species is easily distinguished from the congeners by the combination of the following characters: second spine of first dorsal fin, second spine of anal fin and spine of pelvic fin with serration on their anterior margins; spine of second dorsal fin smooth; anal fin II, 7 (rarely II, 8); dorsal fin IX-I, 9; lateral line scales 29-31; lower jaw with two rows of teeth on its middle part, inner row consists of 4-7 large canine-like teeth, and outer row consists of very small teeth; vertebrae 10+15. This is a demersal fish mainly living on the outer parts of the continental shelves and the upper parts of their slopes at depths of 87-544 meters. The distribution in the two separate and greatly distant areas is discussed in relation to the continental drift and climatic changes since the late Cretaceous.View full abstractDownload PDF (2009K) -
Jeffrey M. Leis, Barry Goldman, Sally E. Read1989 Volume 35 Issue 4 Pages 428-433
Published: March 15, 1989
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSEpibenthic fish larvae near Lizard Island in the Great Barrier Reef Lagoon were sampled with a plankton sled during daylight in November 1981 and January-February 1982. Abundance in the epibenthos was highly variable, and although many types of larvae were present, few were concentrated there relative to the water column. Among those taxa concentrated in the epibenthos, abundances were low and variances were high. Larvae of bregmacerotids, callionymids, clupeids, monacanthids, pinguipedids, platycephalids, pseudochromids, and especially schindleriids, leiognathids and terapontids were concentrated in the epibenthos. Few reef fish larvae were epibenthic. There was some evidence of diel and ontogenetic movements into and out of the epibenthos. Our limited sampling indicates that conventional midwater plankton sampling is adequate for most fish larvae found in the Lizard Island area, but for the larvae of the above ten families, this could produce large underestimates of abundance.View full abstractDownload PDF (848K) -
Seishi Kimura, Yoichi Tsukamoto, Koichiro Mori1989 Volume 35 Issue 4 Pages 434-439
Published: March 15, 1989
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSEmbryonic development and morphology of the eggs, egg masses and larvae of the scorpaenid fish, Scorpaena miostoma are described on the basis of the laboratory-reared specimens. The gelatinous egg mass is not bilobed but simple, oval and balloon-like in shape. It usually floats at or near the surface. The individual egg is colorless and ovoid in shape, measuring 0.86×0.75mm. Hatching occurs between ca. 34 and 40 hours after spawning at the water temperature of 22-24°C. A newly hatched larva measures 1.55mm in notochord length and has ca. 25 myo-meres. The finfold is balloon-like in shape and almost completely covers the larval body. Minute “cell-like” granules scatter on the findfold.View full abstractDownload PDF (3633K) -
Akima Umezawa, Katsumi Tsukamoto, Osame Tabeta, Hiroshi Yamakawa1989 Volume 35 Issue 4 Pages 440-444
Published: March 15, 1989
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSEarly formation of otolith was studied on artificially hatched larvae of the Japanese eel, Anguilla japonica. Newly hatched larvae had a pair of sagittae which were flat and subelliptical with 8.3μm in mean diameter. The diameter of the sagitta increased linearly with age. No growth increments were observed in the sagitta at hatching, while larvae which were 2, 4 and 6 days old had on average 2.1, 3.6 and 6.0 increments, respectively. The number of the increments (Y) and the age in days after hatching (X) showed a close linear relationship (Y=0.96X+0.06, r=0.913, n=40), suggesting daily deposition of sagittal increments. In 95% of the field-caught elvers of this species, a distinct dark ring (check) with the diameter of 6-12μm was found around the nucleus of the sagitta. This seems to be a “hatch check” deposited at hatching, since its diameter roughly agreed with that of the sagitta in the newly-hatched larvae. Possibly, the number of the increments outside the hatch check represents the age of the fish in days.View full abstractDownload PDF (2862K) -
Masahide Kaeriyama1989 Volume 35 Issue 4 Pages 445-452
Published: March 15, 1989
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSMorphological divergence including scale formation in alevin and juvenile stages of masu (Oncorhynchus masou), coho (O. kisutch), chum (O. keta) and pink (O. gorbuscha) salmons reared in freshwater was investigated. Chum and coho salmons developed faster than the other species when raised at constant water tempertaure. Growth decreased suddenly at emergence from the gravel bed in all the four species. Morphology changed significantly from hatch through emergence to squamation. Two distinct morphological types were identified: the rotund type (masu and coho), and the streamlined type (chum and pink salmons). The former had well-developed parr marks, a deeper body and caudal peduncle, and higher relative growth coefficients, while the latter had parr marks which appeared only temporarily or never appeared, a slimmer body and caudal peduncle, and a more gradual and continuous change in morphology. Coho and chum developed squamation and formed circuli on scales considerably earlier than masu and pink salmons.View full abstractDownload PDF (986K) -
Jyoti S. D. Munshi, George M. Hughes, Peter Gehr, Ewald R. Weibel1989 Volume 35 Issue 4 Pages 453-465
Published: March 15, 1989
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe structure of the air-breathing organs of Monopterus (=Amphipnous) cuchia has been studied by using light, scanning and transmission electron microscopy and the morphological basis for buccopharyngeal respiration, aerial as well as aquatic has been established. Respiratory islets are well distributed over the surface of the buccopharynx, hypopharynx and branchial arches extending deep into the gill clefts but occupy only the anterior two-thirds of the air sacs, the remaining posterior one-third part seems to be non-respiratory in function and may serve as a reservoir for residual air. Arterioles penetrate deep into the epithelial region of air sacs and buccopharynx in spiral-like fashion to form the characteristic vascular papillae of the respiratory islets. In juvenile fish new respiratory islets develop in the non-vascular part of the air sac in between large older islets as sprout-like structures. The respiratory area, capillary loading, thickness of air-blood tissue barrier, and the diffusing capacity of the respiratory membrane of a 200g fish were found to be 20cm2, 2.72cm3/m2, 0.72×10-4cm, and 0.00165mlO2/min/mmHg/kg, respectively.View full abstractDownload PDF (12117K) -
Kunio Sasaki, Kunio Amaoka1989 Volume 35 Issue 4 Pages 466-468
Published: March 15, 1989
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSJohnius (Johnieops) tingi (Tang, 1937), originally placed in Pseudosciaena, has been viewed as the valid name for a Chinese species of the Sciaenidae. Examination of the holotype of Sciaena distincta Tanaka, 1916 revealed, however, that this fish is conspecific with J. tingi. The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate the identity of these two nominal species and to redescribe the holotype of S. distincta, as well as some comparative material. Methods of counts and measurements follow those of Sasaki and Kailola (1988). Standard length and head length are expressed throughout as SL and HL, respectively. Institutional abbreviations for specimens are as listed in Leviton et al.(1985). Counts and proportions of the comparative material are given in parentheses when different from those of the holotype.View full abstractDownload PDF (2665K) -
Yukio Iwatsuki, Hiroshi Senou, Toshiyuki Suzuki1989 Volume 35 Issue 4 Pages 469-478
Published: March 15, 1989
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe lutjanid fish Lutjanus ehrenbergii (Peters) is widely distributed on the coasts of the Indo-West Pacific region (Allen and Talbot, 1985; Allen, 1985). In Japan, however, there is no certain record of this species except that Shimada and Yoshino (1987) pointed out that a specimen (243.0 mm in SL from Ishigahi Island, Japan) identified as L. johnii (Bloch) by Shinohara (1966) is this snapper. Recently, we re-examined the specimens of the lutjanid fishes which were collected from the Yaeyama Islands, reported by Hayashi (1979) and Senou and Suzuki (1980), and found 15 juveniles of L. ehrenbergii among the specimens identified as L. fulviflamma (Forsskâl).
Allen and Talbot (1985) described the detailed differences among the Indo-West Pacific snappers with an ocellated spot below the anterior soft dorsal, and their excellent work facilitated the identification of such lutjanids. However, considerable difficulties still remain in their identification, especially in the juvenile stage, because the spotted snappers are very uniform in their morphometric and meristic characters, and their coloration changes with growth.
In this paper, we describe L. ehrenbergii from the Japanese waters in comparison with other similar Japanese lutjanids with an ocellated spot in the juvenile stage and provide a key to these species. Counts and measurements follow those of Allen and Talbot (1985).View full abstractDownload PDF (6768K) -
Tomoki Sunobe, Kazuhiko Shimada1989 Volume 35 Issue 4 Pages 479-481
Published: March 15, 1989
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe gobiid fish, Eviota albolineata, has been reported to be widely distributed from the east coast of Africa to the Tuamotu Archipelago except the Red Sea, Japan and the Hawaiian Islands (Jewett and Lachner, 1983). However, twenty-seven specimens of E. albolineata were collected from the Ryukyu Islands and Kagoshima Prefecture, for the first time from Japan. This species is distinguished from all other species of the genus Eviota by lacking outstanding color markings when preserved.
Methods for counts, measurement of the fifth pelvic fin ray and descriptions of the cephalic sensory pore and cutaneous papillae systems followed those of Lachner and Karnella (1978, 1980), and for other measurements those of Hubbs and Lagler (1958). Measurements were made by means of a binocular microscope (Nikon SMZ10) with an ocular micrometer. Vertebrae were counted from soft X-ray photographs. Specimens are deposited in the National Science Museum, Tokyo (NSMT), the Department of Marine Sciences, University of the Ryukyus (URM) and the Yokosuka City Museum (YCM).View full abstractDownload PDF (1979K) -
Keiichi Matsuura1989 Volume 35 Issue 4 Pages 482-483
Published: March 15, 1989
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe filefish genus Rudarius is represented by three species: R. ercodes Jordan et Fowler, 1902 from Japan and Korea; R. minutes Tyler, 1970 from the Great Barrier Reef and Borneo; and R. excelsus Hutchins, 1977 from the Great Barrier Reef. The first species is commonly found along the coasts of the main islands of Japan, whereas the other two species have been known only from the type specimens. R. minutes and R. excelsus have the smallest recorded adult size (15-17mm SL) within the order Tetraodontiformes (Tyler, 1970; Hutchins, 1977).
A specimen of R. excelsus was found while examining the fish collection of the Department of Zoology, University Museum, University of Tokyo (ZUMT). Because it represents the first record of this species from the North Pacific, it is described in detail.View full abstractDownload PDF (1944K) -
Tomoki Sunobe, Akinobu Nakazono1989 Volume 35 Issue 4 Pages 484-487
Published: March 15, 1989
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSPriolepis naraharae (Snyder) is a small goby, distributed from Kanagawa Pref. to Okino-erabu I. and to the east coast of South Africa (Prince Akihito, 1984). This species inhabits coral or rocky reefs and is usually found in an upside-down posture on the ceilings of caves.
Among the five species of the genus Priolepis reported from Japan (Prince Akihito, 1984), the embryonic development and larvae of P. semidoliatus and P. boreus were studied by Sonoda and Imai (1971) and Shiogaki and Dotsu (1974), re-spectively (both were mistakenly called Zonogobius in the original papers). In this paper, we de-scribe the development of eggs and larvae of P. naraharae to clarify its early life history and to discuss the morphological characteristics of the present species in comparison with those of the two species previously reported.View full abstractDownload PDF (434K) -
Akira Chiba, Yoshiharu Honma1989 Volume 35 Issue 4 Pages 488-492
Published: March 15, 1989
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSLampreys, a representative of the most primitive living vertebrates, have a definite preopticohypophysial neurosecretory system in their diencephalon comparable to that of higher vertebrates (Sterba, 1972). As was shown in previous papers (Öztan and Gorbman, 1960; Tsuneki and Gorbman, 1975a; Nakai et al., 1979; Yui and Honma, 1979), the preoptic nucleus of lampreys contains so-called cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)-contacting neurons which project their dendritic process into the ventricular cavity. During the course of our anatomical studies on the brainventricular system of the arctic lamprey, Lampetra japonica (Chiba et al., 1981; Chiba and Honma, 1986a), the preoptic neurosecretory cells, which should be better-called intraventricular perikarya according to Vigh-Teichmann and Vigh (1983), were encountered. In spite of extensive studies on the periventricular structures of the brain of the arctic lamprey (Honma, 1969; Honma and Honma, 1970; Ochi and Hosoya, 1974; Tsuneki, 1974; Tsuneki et al., 1975; Shioda et al., 1977; Nakai et al., 1979; Yui and Honma, 1979; Chiba et al., 1981; Yamamoto et al., 1983; Chiba and Honma, 1986a; Ushiki et al., 1986), no cytological details of such intraventricular perikarya have been described.
In this short communication, we report ultrastructural features of the intraventricular neurosecretory perikarya in the lamprey brain, along with a brief discussion on a possible role of the cells in neuroendocrine integration.View full abstractDownload PDF (6378K) -
Kensaku Azuma, Izumi Kinoshita, Shinji Fujita, Isao Takahashi1989 Volume 35 Issue 4 Pages 493-496
Published: March 15, 1989
Released on J-STAGE: February 23, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESST ayu, Plecoglossus altivelis Temminck et Schlegel is an amphidromous and annual fish, which is distributed throughout the Japanese Archipelago. The fish spawns in the lower reaches of rivers in autumn. The larvae run into the sea soon after hatching, where they live throughout the larval and juvenile stages until next spring when they swim up the rivers.
In Lake Biwa, there is a landlocked form di-versified genetically from the amphidromous form (Taniguchi et al., 1983; Nishida, 1985). This landlocked form has been transplanted to a lot of rivers since 1913 (Azuma, 1980) to be harvested during the fishing season from June to November. The landlocked form transplanted is provided with the peak of the spawning season (early September), about one and half month earlier than the amphidromous form (late October), in the rivers of Kochi Prefecture (Seki and Taniguchi, 1988).
It is considered that the landlocked form does not make hybrids with the amphidromous form and does not contribute to the production of the next generation in the sea area, because of the persistence of the difference in Gpi-1100 allele fre-quency between the two forms and of the con-stancy of the allele frequency within the amphidro-mous form throughout Japan (Taniguchi and Seki, 1983; Seki and Taniguchi, 1985).
On the other hand, Senta and Kinoshita (1985) reported that in the surf zones of Tosa Bay, the ayu larvae begin to occur in October. Con-sidering that it takes about 7-10 days to hatch after fertilization at 20°C w.t.(Ito et al., 1971), there is a possibility that the larvae collected in October are the offspring of the landlocked form. Tsukamoto and Kajihara (1987) found that the number of otolith ring in reared specimens of ayu showed a good correlation with the age in days after hatching.
In this paper, we tried to get some information about the survival of the landlocked form from the samples of larvae collected in the surf zone using the biochemical genetic marker and the character of otolith ring.View full abstractDownload PDF (567K) -
Terry J. Donaldson1989 Volume 35 Issue 4 Pages 497-500
Published: March 15, 1989
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSReproductive behavior of epinepheline ser-ranids is known from only a few studies describing group or pair-spawning in members of the genera Epinephelus, Plectropomus and Variola (see reviews in Thresher, 1984; Shapiro, 1987). Reproductive behavior of members of the genus Cephalopholis has yet to be described. Groupers of this genus range in size from 10-40cm SL and inhabit trop-ical reefs at depths of 1-200m. There are 19 recognized and three undescribed species distri-buted in the Indo-Pacific (Randall, 1987). Nzioka (1979) reported seasonality of spawning of Cephalopholis off East Africa; Smith (1966) described hy-bridization between Cephalopholis fulva and Par-anthias furcifer in the Caribbean.
Cephalopholis boenack (Bloch) is a relatively small (to 250mm SL) grouper distributed in the western Pacific and Indian Oceans where it usually occurs on dead reefs in protected waters (Randall, 1987). Pair spawning of this species was ob-served on the evening of 15 November, 1986 at Horseshoe Reef, part of the Papuan Barrier Reef system, off Bootless Inlet, Papua New Guinea. This is the first known report of reproductive behavior in this genus. The details are given herein.View full abstractDownload PDF (561K)
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