Japanese Journal of Ichthyology

Two New Dragonets of the Genus Callionymus (Callionymidae) and a Record of Callionymus corallinus from Miyake-jima, Izu Islands, Japan

Ronald Fricke, Martha Zaiser Brownell

1993 Volume 40 Issue 1 Pages 1-10
Published: May 15, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11369/jji1950.40.1

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New dragonets are described from Miyake-jima, Izu Islands, Japan. Callionymus curvispinis sp.nov. is characterized within the variegatus-group of the subgenus Callionymus (Calliurichthys) by the combination of 5-6 curved points on the dorsal side of the preopercular spine, an upcurved main tip of that spine, no filaments in the male's first dorsal fin, no black blotch in the female's first dorsal fin, and a distal black streak in the male's anal fin. Callionymus persicus izuensis subsp.nov., a member of the japonicus-group of the subgenus Callionymus (Calliurichthys), is distinguished from the western Indian Ocean C. persicus persicus by the color pattern of the first dorsal fin (in males distally light, without dark blotches, but with 2-3 faint dark lines (additional to two blackish spots distally on second and third spines); in females plain dark gray, without dark brown blotches, but with a few white spots), by the pectoral fin which reaches to base of 3rd anal fin membrane when laid back, and by the male's caudal fin with only the two median rays extremely elongate. Callionymus corallinus is redescribed and recorded from Miyake-jima (Japan) and New Caledonia, C. beniteguri is recorded from the Izu Islands.

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Pseudamia rubra, a New Cardinalfish (Perciformes:Apogonidae) from the Ogasawara Islands

John E. Randall, Hitoshi Ida

1993 Volume 40 Issue 1 Pages 11-14
Published: May 15, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11369/jji1950.40.11

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Pseudamia rubra is described as a new species of apogonid fish from a single 55-mm specimen collected in a cave in 3-4m off Chichi-jima, Ogasawara Islands. It can be differentiated, collectively, from the six other species of the genus by the following characters: 8 dorsal and anal soft rays, 17 pectoral rays, 23 scales in longitudinal series, lateral-line scales notched, without pores; developed gill rakers 2+9; body depth 4.55 in SL; caudal fin 3.65 in SL; pectoral fins 3.55 in SL, and in color. It is translucent, the edges of the scales orange-red; a diffuse dusky spot posteriorly on caudal peduncle; snout and chin blackish; a black spot behind eye.

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Sexual Selection and Genetic Relationships of a Sibling Species Complex of Bower Building Cichlids in Lake Malawi, Africa

Kenneth R. McKaye, James H. Howard, Jay R. Stauffer, Raymond P. Morgan ...

1993 Volume 40 Issue 1 Pages 15-21
Published: May 15, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11369/jji1950.40.15

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Protein electromorphs of five taxa of the sand dwelling genus Tramitichromis from Lake Malawi were examined by starch-gel electrophoresis. Twenty-four enzyme loci were examined. No diagnostic alleles were discovered which distinguished the different taxa; however, nine loci were polymorphic in at least one taxa with unbiased mean heterozygosities ranging from 6.9 to 12.6%. The bower form of these five taxa, which earlier have been referred to as sibling species was also analyzed. Results from this study provide evidence that bower form in these cichlid taxa is correlated with genetic distance measurements. The data suggest that the taxa are isolated ‘sibling’ species, which recently diverged, or that they are ‘incipient’ species with minimal gene flow between bower building morphs. The congruence of the allozyme data suggests a genetic basis for bower form. Variation in bower form is hypothesized to arise from nonadaptive differences in female choice, which leads to reproductively isolated species as predicted by Fisher's model of runaway sexual selection.

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Redescription, Distribution and Food Habits of the Indo-Pacific Dasyatidid Stingray Himantura granulata

Hajime Ishihara, Kimiya Homma, Yoshihiro Takeda, John E. Randall

1993 Volume 40 Issue 1 Pages 23-28
Published: May 15, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11369/jji1950.40.23

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The dasyatidid stingray Himantura granulata (Macleay), recorded previously from New Guinea, Caroline Islands, Santa Cruz Islands, and northwestern Australia, is redescribed from the first adult specimens, and the range extended to the Maldive Islands. The stomachs of three of six specimens contained food, mainly small fishes (Siganus sp., Valenciennea sp., blenniid, pomacentrid, labrid, and gobiid) and sipunculids, but also an octopus and a calappid crab.

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Scorpaenopsis iop, a New Species of Scorpaenidae from Southern Japan

Tetsuji Nakabo, Hiroshi Senou, Hajime Masuda

1993 Volume 40 Issue 1 Pages 29-33
Published: May 15, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11369/jji1950.40.29

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new scorpaenid fish, Scorpaenopsis iop, is described based on the 8 specimens collected from the east coast of Izu Peninsula, Pacific coast of Shikoku and Tsushima Islands, Japan. This is a reddish small-sized species, ca. 60mm standard length, and is characterized by having a head almost scaleless, but covered with numerous small papillae, broad postocular and tympanic spines, upper opercular spine bicuspid to multiple spine, a somewhat protruded eye from the dorsal contour, 17 (rarely 16) pectoral fin rays, 33-37 vertical series of scales and 4 predorsal scales.

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A Fatal Attack by a White Shark in Japan and a Review of Shark Attacks in Japanese Waters

Kazuhiro Nakaya

1993 Volume 40 Issue 1 Pages 35-42
Published: May 15, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11369/jji1950.40.35

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On March 8, 1992, a male professional diver was collecting the pen shell Atrina pectinata, Japanese name Tairagigai, at a depth of 22 m about 2.3 km offshore of Matsuyama, Ehime Prefecture, Japan. At about 15: 20 he was attacked by a large shark, and only a severely damaged diving suit and helmet were recovered. The right half of the trunk and right leg of the suit were torn off. A rescue rope and a rubber radio cable, both of which connected the diver to a support boat were severed, but the diver's air tube remained intact. The diver's body was not recovered, nor was a shark captured that might have perpetrated the attack, despite extensive fishing efforts by local fishermen. A small piece of a broken shark tooth was recovered from the rubber surrounding the neck of the diving suit. The tooth fragment contained two large serrations of about 0.85mm in width. The suit's steel shoulder protector had a single hole (6mm×3mm), penetrated by a shark tooth. The edge of the hole showed regular minute undulations, and the cut surfaces on the rubber and the cable had minute parallel streaks, both apparently made by the serrations of shark teeth. Tracing of the scratches and cuts on the shoulder protector and back part of the diving suit made it possible to estimate a jaw size of about 40cm in width, suggesting a very large shark. The water temperature was low about 11.6°C, at 20m depth at a nearby locality. These facts support the contention that the shark involved in this incident was a white shark of about 5m in total length. Shark attacks in Japanese waters were investigated, and at least sixteen shark attacks on people and boats were recognized.

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Dipulus norfolkanus, a New Shallow-water Bythitid Fish from Australia (Ophidiiformes)

Yoshihiko Machida

1993 Volume 40 Issue 1 Pages 43-46
Published: May 15, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11369/jji1950.40.43

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A new bythitid fish species, Dipulus norfolkanus, is described from 27 specimens from Norfolk Island, Australia. The new species differs from D. caecus, the only known species in the genus, in the following characters: head length, predorsal length, preanal length, precaudal vertebrae, and male intromittent organ.

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Validity of a Lutjanid Fish, Lutjanus ophuysenii (Bleeker) with a Related Species, L. vitta (Quoy et Gaimard)

Yukio Iwatsuki, Masato Akazaki, Tetsuo Yoshino

1993 Volume 40 Issue 1 Pages 47-59
Published: May 15, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11369/jji1950.40.47

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A valid lutjanid fish, Lutjanus ophuysenii (Bleeker) is, herein, described. This species has been synonymized with L. vitta (Quoy et Gaimard) but differs in several important characters including squamation, color pattern, and geographic distribution. L. ophuysenii has 46-49 lateral line scales, no small scales on the lower preopercular flange, a black spot superimposed on the mid-lateral stripe in all stages, higher dorsal (first and sixth) and anal (first and fourth) soft rays lengths ratios in the eye diameter, and the pectoral and pelvic fins entirely yellow in life. In contrast, L. vitta has 49-52 lateral-line scales, small scales on the lower preopercular flange, lower dorsal (first and sixth) and anal (first and fourth) rays lengths ratios in the eye diameter, whitish pelvics and transparent pectorals with light yellow dorsally in life. L. ophuysenii is restricted to the Eastern Asian Shelf of the western North Pacific, including southern Japan (except the Ryukyu Ids.), southern Korea, Yellow Sea, western region of Taiwan and the vicinity of Hong Kong. L. vitta is widely distributed in the Indo-West Pacific region except in the Eastern Asian Shelf. However, the species are sympatric at southwestern Taiwan and in the vicinity of Hong Kong.

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Genetic Evidence Supporting the Existence of Three Distinct Species in the Genus Odontobutis (Gobiidae) from Japan and Korea

Harumi Sakai, Akihisa Iwata, Sang-Rin Jeon

1993 Volume 40 Issue 1 Pages 61-64
Published: May 15, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11369/jji1950.40.61

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Three taxa of the genus Odontobutis (Gobiidae), O.obscura obscura from Japan, and O.o. interrupta and O.platycephala from Korea were analyzed electrophoretically at 21 isozyme coding loci. They were very distantly related genetically (Nei's genetic distance=1.053-1.230), alleles of 9 loci being displaced and diagnostic of the three taxa. Accordingly, the two subspecies of O.obscura were judged to be distinct species, for which the names O.obscura (for O.o. obscura) and O.interrupta (for O.o. interrupta) are proposed.

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Electrophoretic Studies of Diploid, Triploid, and Tetraploid Forms of the Japanese Silver Crucian Carp, Carassius auratus langsdorfii

Yasushi Shimizu, Takashi Oshiro, Mitsuru Sakaizumi

1993 Volume 40 Issue 1 Pages 65-75
Published: May 15, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11369/jji1950.40.65

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The diploid-polyploid complex in the Japanese silver crucian carp (ginbuna), Carassius auratus langsdorfii, includes a diploid bisexual form, a triploid gynogenetic form and a tetraploid gynogenetic form. However, the origin of the polyploids remains to be clarified. Flow cytometric and electrophoretic analyses of Japanese crucian carp demonstrated that all the individuals with a two-banded pattern for an AMY-2 gene were polyploid, and 90% of the polyploids gave such a two-banded pattern. One of the two bands was not found in diploid subspecies in Japan but was present in both Korean crucian carp and goldfish. The diploid subspecies, kinbuna (C.auratus subsp.), which is distributed along the Pacific coast of eastern Japan, generated a diagnostic band of phosphoglucomutase. This band was also found in the polyploid “ginbuna” from the same region, but was observed in neither triploids nor diploids from other regions. The region-specific distribution of patterns of muscle lactic dehydrogenases indicated that the crucian carp examined in the present study could be divided into three groups, which originated, respectively, from the Pacific coast of eastern Japan, the Sea of Japan coast of eastern Japan, and western Japan. These results suggest a possible polyphyletic origin of polyploid forms of “ginbuna” via multiple hybridizations.

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Karyotypes and Distribution of Nucleolus Organizer Regions in Cyprinid Fishes from Thailand

Wichian Magtoon, Ryoichi Arai

1993 Volume 40 Issue 1 Pages 77-85
Published: May 15, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11369/jji1950.40.77

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The karyotypes of seven species of cyprinid fishes in Thailand are as follows: Cirrhinus jullieni, 2n=50, NF=90, NORs on 2 acrocentrics; C. mrigala, 2n=50, NF=72; Osteochilus waandersi, 2n=50, NF=92, NORs on 2 submetacentrics; Cyclocheilichthys enoplos, 2n=50, NF=90, NORs on 2 submetacentrics and 2 acrocentrics; Labeo rohita, 2n=50, NF=80, NORs on 2 submetacentrics; Tor soro, 2n=100, NF=144; Puntioplites proctozysron, 2n=50, NF=76. The karyotype of Puntioplites proctozysron, the first report for the genus, suggests that P. proctozysron is more closely related to Puntius than to Procypris, Cyprinus, Carassioides, or Carassius

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Planktonic Larvae and Pelagic Juveniles of the Rockfish, Sebastes minor (Scorpaenidae)

Toru Nagasawa

1993 Volume 40 Issue 1 Pages 87-97
Published: May 15, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11369/jji1950.40.87

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Morphological development of the larvae and juveniles of the rockfish, Sebastes minor, was investigated using specimens (4.75-18.18mm SL) collected from the northern Japan Sea, in 1986-1988. Notochord flexion had already begun in the smallest larva (4.75mm SL) collected, and was completed in those of about 6mm SL. Transformation to pelagic juveniles occurred between 8 and 12mm SL. Both larvae and juveniles exhibited a species-specific melanophore pattern on the body. Other morphological features particularly the development of head spines, are also described. In August-September, the larvae and pelagic juveniles of S. minor occurred in coastal waters off Hokkaido and Primorskaya, and in offshore waters in the northern Japan Sea, north of the subarctic convergence. In this season, S. minor was the most dominant of the pelagic fish larvae throughout offshore regions of the northern Japan Sea. Gut contents analysis of S. minor showed calanoid copepodids (mainly Paracalanus sp.) to be the major dietary component in both the larvae and pelagic juveniles.

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A Record of Nematops macrochirus (Pleuronectidae) from Australia, with Comments on its Sexual Dimorphism

Kazuo Sakamoto

1993 Volume 40 Issue 1 Pages 99-102
Published: May 15, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11369/jji1950.40.99

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Second Specimen of the Snake-eel, Apterichtus moseri (Ophichthinae, Ophichthidae)

Yoshihiko Machida, Suguru Ohta

1993 Volume 40 Issue 1 Pages 103-106
Published: May 15, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11369/jji1950.40.103

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New Records of Paraliparis pectoralis and P. nanus (Liparidae) from Japan

Kaoru Kido

1993 Volume 40 Issue 1 Pages 107-109
Published: May 15, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11369/jji1950.40.107

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Distribution of Taste Buds in the Oropharyngeal Cavity of Fry and Fingerling Amago Salmon, Oncorhynchus rhodurus

Noritomo Komada

1993 Volume 40 Issue 1 Pages 110-116
Published: May 15, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11369/jji1950.40.110

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