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Volume 39, Issue 3
Displaying 1-12 of 12 articles from this issue
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Kiyotaka Hatooka, John E. Randall1992 Volume 39 Issue 3 Pages 183-190
Published: November 30, 1992
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA new muraenid, Gymnothorax ypsilon, is described from seven specimens from Japan and four from the Hawaiian Islands. It has about 30 narrow dark bars on the body, some of which are Y-shaped on most specimens, a uniformly colored head, an anal fin with a white margin, and 141-153 vertebrae. It differs from G. pikei, its most similar species, by a white margin of the anal fin.View full abstractDownload PDF (4039K) -
Kunio Sasaki1992 Volume 39 Issue 3 Pages 191-199
Published: November 30, 1992
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTwo new species of the sciaenid genus Johnius (Johnius) are described: J. trewavasae from Taiwan, Hong Kong, and Singapore, differs from all other congeners in having 24-27 dorsal soft rays, 5 - 6 scales above and 7-10 scales below the lateral line, 6-8 obtuse lower gill rakers, the last pleural rib on the 11th vertebra, and a shorter lower jaw (33.8-38.4% HL); J. latifrons from Thailand and Java is characterized by 25-29 dorsal soft rays, 7-9 scales above and 11-14 scales below the lateral line, 7-9 obtuse lower gill rakers, a wide interorbital width (26.1-30.6% HL), a small eye (16.7-26.4% HL), and a short, second anal spine (25.9-37.1% HL). Two related species, J. heterolepis Bleeker from “Suriname” and J. cantori Bleeker from Malaya, are resurrected as valid West Pacific species of Johnius (Johnius).View full abstractDownload PDF (3125K) -
Yuji Sawara1992 Volume 39 Issue 3 Pages 201-209
Published: November 30, 1992
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSActivity patterns of intertidal gobiid fish, Chasmichthys gulosus, collected from different tidal localities, were recorded in a constant environment. Gobies collected from a rocky shore with a large tidal range and a regular tidal regime displayed a ca. 12 hour rhythm in their activity pattern. Gobies from a rocky shore with a small tidal range and an irregular tidal regime, however, did not clearly display any such rhythm. The ecological implications of such activity rhythms are discussed from the viewpoints of feeding and avoidance of predators.View full abstractDownload PDF (3396K) -
Shigeru Nakano, Kurt D. Fausch, Tetsuo Tanaka(Furukawa), Koji Maekawa, ...1992 Volume 39 Issue 3 Pages 211-217
Published: November 30, 1992
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSResource utilization of sympatric populations of bull char, Salvelinus confluentus, and west - slope cutthroat trout, Oncorhynchus clarki lewisi, were studied by underwater observations of foraging behaviour and microhabitat use, and dietary analysis in a mountain stream of the Flathead River Basin, northwest Montana, U.S.A. Nearly 70% of bull char were categorized as benthic foragers, which moved constantly and captured prey primarily from the streambed, while all cutthroat trout were drift foragers, which held relatively fixed focal points in the midwater layers of pools during foraging. The composition of stomach contents was markedly different between the two species. Bull char fed primarily on baetid mayflies captured from the benthos or drift, whereas cutthroat trout ate primarily terrestrial invertebrates. The species also used different microhabitats. Bull char held positions close to the streambed and rarely strayed far from overhead cover, whereas cutthroat trout held focal points farther above the bed and far from overhead cover. Dietary segregation between these two salmonids appeared to result not only from differences in foraging tactics but also in the foraging microhabitats. Resource partitioning is considered to be one of important mechanisms allowing coexistence of these two stream salmonids.View full abstractDownload PDF (5467K) -
Syunsaku Hamamoto, Shigeru Kumagai, Katsumi Nosaka, Saburo Manabe, Aki ...1992 Volume 39 Issue 3 Pages 219-228
Published: November 30, 1992
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSReproductive behavior and early life history of the white spotted snapper, Lutjanus stellatusAkazaki, are described from aquarium observations. Spawning took place between a female and 2-12 males in the early hours of each evening from mid-May to mid-June, 1984.
Six easily distinguishable behavior patterns were involved in the spawning sequence: a) Schooling; b) Searching; c) Nuzzling; d) Rushing toward the surface; e) Spawning; and f) Post spawning. The species was considered to be a group spawner.
Fertilized eggs were spherical, transparent, buoyant and unpigmented. They were 0.80-0.85mm in diameter, and contained a single oil globule measuring 0.16-0.17mm in diameter. Hatching took place 30 h after fertilization. Immediately after hatching, larvae were 2.48-2.56mm in total length and had a large ellipsoidal yolk. An oil globule was situated at the front tip of the yolk. Early life stages of L. stellatus were described for the first 3.5 days after hatching.View full abstractDownload PDF (1261K) -
Feng Zhang, Takashi Oshiro, Fumio Takashima1992 Volume 39 Issue 3 Pages 229-233
Published: November 30, 1992
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe fertility of triploid backcross progeny, (gengoroubuna Carassius auratus cuvieri _??_ ×carp Cyprinus carpio _??_) F1 _??_ ×gengoroubuna or carp_??_ is reported . In females, spawning could be induced by the injection of pituitary extracts. The fertilization rates were from 52 .4 to 88.6%, and free swimming rates from 2.6 to 34.4%. Many normal larvae were obtained after crossing with the sperm of gengorou -buna. However, after crossing with sperm of the loach Misgurnus anguillicaudatus, most of the embryos died before hatching and no normal larvae were obtained.
Sperm could not be stripped from the progeny of either type of triploid backcross after the injection of pituitary extracts. Under light microscope, each seminal lobule in the testis was mainly occupied by spermatocytes in various stages. Some spermatids were found in part of the lobules, but no spermatozoa were observed.
These facts suggest that the laboratory-reared, triploid backcross progeny may represent an intermediate step in the evolution of a gynogenetic triploid form.View full abstractDownload PDF (2810K) -
Gerald F. Quinitio, Hiroya Takahashi1992 Volume 39 Issue 3 Pages 235-241
Published: November 30, 1992
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe process of spermatogenesis and spermiogenesis in the river sculpin, Cottus hangiongensis, was observed ultrastructurally. During spermatogenesis, some germinal cysts in the seminal lobules were found to contain spermatocytes, which were provided with irregularly shaped nuclei, doughnut-shaped mitochondria, and atypical intercellular bridges with multiple disk-like cisternae. In addition, many cysts containing binuclear spermatids were observed in the testis. Within the condensed chromatin of the paired nuclei of the aberrant spermatids, highly electron-dense granules occurred, becoming the core of successively developing chromatin globules. The chromatin globules increased in size, resulting in an enlargement of the paired nuclei. These cells were finally released from the cyst into the lumen of the seminal lobules and underwent further degeneration, thus appearing as characteristic ‘spermatid masses’in the mature testes.View full abstractDownload PDF (9456K) -
Shin Oikawa, Mikiko Takemori, Yasuo Itazawa1992 Volume 39 Issue 3 Pages 243-249
Published: November 30, 1992
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSOrgan-body mass relationships were examined for 36 different organs and parts in porgies, Pagrus major, ranging in body mass from 0.0033 to 1200g. Organs with high metabolic activity, e.g. brain, intestine, pyloric caeca and heart showed negative allometry except during very early stages in the life history. On the other hand, the trunk, which comprised mainly musculature with low metabolic activity, showed positive allometry.
These results support our idea that the decline in mass-specific metabolic rate in animals with increasing body mass can be explained, partly at least, by tissues with low metabolic rates becoming heavier in proportion to the whole body with growth.View full abstractDownload PDF (925K) -
Kaoru Kido1992 Volume 39 Issue 3 Pages 251-254
Published: November 30, 1992
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSParaliparis tremebundus (Gilbert et Burke) was originally described from Avatcha Bay, Kamchatka, as the type species of the genus Elassodiscus. Burke (1930) redescribed it based on the type specimens. Taranetz (1937) suggested its distribution in the Okhotsk Sea without collection data, and Schmidt (1950) redescribed it as a second record on the basis of a specimen from the Okhotsk Sea between Iona Island and Cape Elizaveta of Sakhalin. Lindberg and Krasyukova (1987) mentioned specimens of P. tremebundus from the southern Okhotsk Sea off Abashiri, Hokkaido, but did not give collection data or a description. Subsequently Kido (1988) synonymised Elassodiscus with Paraliparis based on the osteological characters. This paper redescribes P.tremebundus, providing additional morphological information and distributional records.
Standard length (SL) and head length (HL) are used throughout. Counts, measurements and terminology follow Stein (1978) except that rays of the lower lobe of the pectoral fin are counted from the anteriormost ray to the longest ray. Institutional abbreviations follow Leviton et al.(1985).View full abstractDownload PDF (2026K) -
Youichi Tsukamoto, Masahiro Aizawa, Muneo Okiyama1992 Volume 39 Issue 3 Pages 255-258
Published: November 30, 1992
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe rare alepocephalid fish, Photostylus pycnopterus, was first described by Beebe (1933a) from asingle specimen which was caught off Bermuda. Subsequently, a total of 29 specimens (39.9-113.0mmSL) have been reported from the Atlantic, Pacificand Indian Oceans (Beebe, 1933b; Grey, 1958;Goodyear, 1969; Fourmanoir, 1970; Kashkin, 1975;Wisner, 1976; Parin et al., 1976; Paxton et al., 1990).During the cruise of RN Hakuho-Maru (KH-88-4) of Ocean Research Institute, University of Tokyo, P.pycnopterus was collected in the water off CapeMuroto, Shikoku in the western North Pacific. Thisspecies is recorded for the first time from Japanesewaters and described here.
The specimen was fixed in 10% buffered sea water formalin immediately after collection for a half day and then preserved in 70% ethyl alcohol. Vertebrae were counted by soft-X ray negatives. Measurements and counts followed the method described by Hubbs and Lagler (1958), except for the vertebrae which was counted according to Markle and Merrett (1980).View full abstractDownload PDF (3317K) -
Kunio Amaoka, Osamu Okamura, Tetsuo Yoshino1992 Volume 39 Issue 3 Pages 259-264
Published: November 30, 1992
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDuring the studies of Japanese pleuronectiforms, we caught two Bothid species previously unknown from Japanese waters, Grammatobothus polyophthalmus (Bleeker, 1866) from the Ryukyu Islands and Arnoglossus tapeinosoma (Bleeker, 1866) from Tosa Bay, Kochi Prefecture. The former species is widely distributed from the Indian Ocean throughout the Malay Peninsula and Archipelago to Australia and the South China Sea (Norman, 1934; Kyushin et al., 1982). The second species was known from the Persian Gulf to the South China Sea (Norman, 1934; Shen, 1966, 1983). Since our new locality records for these two species represent the northern limits of distribution and their first records from Japan, short descriptions, figures and some comments are given herein.
Counts and measurements follow Hubbs and Lagler (1949), with the addition that length of the pelvic-fin base is measured from the base of the first ray to that of the last ray. Vertebrae were counted from radiographs. Institutional abbreviations follow Leviton et al.(1985).View full abstractDownload PDF (4227K) -
Hiromitsu Endo, Mamoru Yabe, Kunio Amaoka1992 Volume 39 Issue 3 Pages 265-267
Published: November 30, 1992
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDuring the midwater trawl survey of the T/V Oshoro-Maru of Hokkaido University, a rare macrourid larva was collected at 0-400m depth in the southeast of the Ryukyu Islands in November 1988. The larva has a discoid pectoral fin with long, stalked base, a feature that identifies it as a macrourid alevin (Merrett, 1989). The structure of the light organ and the presence of seven branchiostegal rays further identifies the specimen as a species of Hymenocephalus.
Information on the early life history of PacificOcean macrourids is available for only four speciesof two genera, Coryphaenoides and Mesobius (Gilbertand Burke, 1912; Hubbs and Iwamoto, 1977;Stein, 1980). In this paper, we report the first discoveryfrom the Pacific Ocean of an alevin of Hymenocephalus.
The specimen was fixed and preserved in 5% buffered formalin, and is deposited in the larval collection of the Laboratory of Marine Zoology, Faculty of Fisheries, Hokkaido University (HUMZ-L). Methods for taking meristic and morphological data follow Stein (1980) and Merrett (1989). Terminology for life history stages follows Merrett (1989).View full abstractDownload PDF (452K)
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