As the management organization of the Extracurricular Sports Activities and Competition of High School, All Japan High School Athletic Federation (hereinafter referred to as AJHSAF) can be an important research object when considering the ideal way of Extracurricular Sports Activities and Competition of High School.However, there are few researches on AJHSAF. How has it been founded and what kinds of activities have been developed, and how did it establish the competition hosting rights are not clarified. This study focuses on AJHSAF from its inception in 1948 to its establishment of competition hosting rights in 1952, and aims to clarify the founding process of AJHSAF.

The following points will be clarified in this paper:

1) AJHSAF was founded in 1948 based on [Interscholastic Competition] in order to manage and operate the competition educatively. With the establish of each competition department, the entity as an executing agency was prepared, AJHSAF was organized.

2) AJHSAF and High School Athletic Federation in each prefecture was socially considered as a suppression to restrain the overflow of the competition. However, as the immaturation of the organization and the competition hosting rights was not established, AJHSAF and High School Athletic Federation in each prefecture failed to restrain the excessive holding of competition by Japan Amateur Athletic Association, and it seemed like its business was only to hold competitions.

3) With the enactment of [About Student Sports (Interscholastic Competition)] in 1952, AJHSAF established the competition hosting rights, which means school officials had equal rights on competition hosting and start to involve in student’s sports.

The purpose of this paper was to clarify future research subjects of “Olympic Education” in Japan through examining research trends on “Olympic Education” in the English literature for over the last 10 years (2008-2017). Then, we explored the previous research of “Olympic Education” by using “SPORTDiscusTM with Full Text”. As a result, 22 articles were extracted. Then, as a result of analyzing them from the viewpoints of purpose, content and method, the following conclusion were clarified.

As a result of analysis based on the purpose, it was classified into 3 categories; “history study”, “effect study”, and “criticism study”.

Furthermore, as a result of analysis based on contents and method for each purpose, the following research trends were confirmed.

In the “history study”, we could confirm the research on the “Olympic Education” in the city both held and considered to hold Olympic Games. In the “effect study”, the “Olympic Questionnaire” was utilized mainly on knowledge and interests concerning the Olympic Games and Olympism. In the “criticism study”, it was focused on the “Olympic Education” that was trying to understand the ideal of Olympic without criticism.

From these results, we pointed out 2 subjects for each purpose.

These results suggested following research subjects to improve research on “Olympic Education” in Japan;

1)to accumulate historical studies on “Olympic Education” in the city both held and considered to hold Olympic Games, 2) to adopt the measurement tool which has been used internationally, such as “Olympic Questionnaire” and focus on various aspects to verify the effect of “Olympic Education” in Japan, and 3) to develop and conduct “Olympic Education” which include critical viewpoints of Olympism and examine the past practices in Japan with critical viewpoints.

From now on, by tackling these subjects, it will be required the improvement of research on “Olympic Education”.

The present study aimed to clarify the effects of a method of teaching backstroke skills that focuses on breathing and its influence on improving breathing skills. The subjects were nine female collegiate recreational swimmers who could swim backstroke for approximately 25 m. The subjects participated in an educational course comprising eight units. The first half of the course mainly focused on acquiring basic backstroke skills and the second half mainly focused on refining stroke motion and being able to breath in synchrony with stroke motion. The effects of the program were assessed by analyzing intra-nasal pressure (INP), swimming velocity (V), stroke rate (SR) and stroke length (SL). Backstroke skills were evaluated based on observational standard criteria. As a result, the subjects’ INP changed their breathing pattern in synchrony with stroke motion. The score of the observational standard criteria was significantly increased for all items. In addition, although V and SL were significantly improved, there was no significant difference in SR. These findings suggest that the method of teaching in this study was effective for recreational swimmers.