Summarizing the experimental results through the theoretical analysis, our conclusion is as follows; i. e., the nature of ice flower like structure and three important conditions for the formation of ice flower like structure and also our theoretical ground for the prevention of the formation of this structure are explained.
The following three are considered to be the necessary and sufficient conditions for the formation of the ice flower like structure.
(1) The deposited metal-shall be kept under the cooling condition so as to form the columnar crystals.
(2) The fine blow holes shall be formed by the effect of hydrogen dissolved in the deposited metals. Considering that the pressure of hydrogen is 1 atm., ice flower like structure is formed under the condition that the amount of hydrogen dissolved in the molten metal is more than that of solid metal at the melting point.
(3) The refractory deoxidized products, such as SiO
2, Al
2O
3, and Cr
2O
3 whose melting points are considerably higher than that of steel, shall be in the dispersed state of a colloid or micro-particles.
The above three conditions are essential factors for the formation of ice flower like structure as mentioned in our definition. In other words, if any one of the three conditions is not satisfied, the ice fower like structure will not be formed in the deposited metal of mild steel.
The necessary and sufficient three conditions for the formation of ice flower like structure have been obtained through the studies from various stand-points. The nature of the structure and the method of prevention have been clarified.
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