テンナンショウ属Arisaema（サトイモ科Araceae）は良く目立つ鮮紅色の集合果（果実序）を生産する。本属の果実は鳥によって摂食され，その種子は鳥によって散布されると考えられている。しかしテンナンショウ属の種が多数知られている日本でも，その果実食者（種子散布者）についての詳しい調査は未だ行われていない。著者らは，南関東低地で生育するミミガタテンナンショウA. limbatumとカントウマムシグサA. serratumを対象にして，自動撮影カメラを利用してその主要な果実食者を調査した。ミミガタとカントウは植物本体や果実の形状・サイズなど似通っているが，前者では夏季の7–8月に，後者では秋10月以降に鮮紅色の成熟果実が出現するという違いがある。調査は2008–2013年の期間に東京都八王子市内（多摩丘陵）と神奈川県秦野市内（丹沢山麓）の二次林で行われた。なお結果的に資料は概ね後者で得られている。ミミガタの果実を採取した鳥はヒヨドリHypsipetes amaurotis 1種であった。ヒヨドリは本種にとって最重要な果実食者と見なせた。このほかアカネズミApodemus speciosusも果実を採取するのを確認した。本種は果実というより種子を摂食していた。一方，カントウでは8種の鳥が果実食者として記録された。そのうち主要と思われるのはヒヨドリ，ルリビタキTarsiger cyanurus，シロハラTurdus pallidusおよびヤマドリSyrmaticus soemmerringiiの4種であった。他の4種はソウシチョウLeiothrix lutea（外来種），トラツグミZoothera dauma，アカハラT. chrysolaus，ジョウビタキPhoenicurus auroreusである。またそれ以外にアカネズミ属の個体による採食も記録された。

抄録全体を表示

東海地方のカワウPhalacrocorax carboの餌組成に基づき，カワウの餌である魚類とエビ類の栄養組成とエネルギー価を測定した。2005年から2012年の間に，カワウの19の餌種を，コロニーで吐き戻しを拾ったり，コロニー付近の海や川で釣りをしたり，魚屋から購入したりすることで集めた。粗脂肪はアメリカザリガニProcambarus clarkiiの0.6%からマアナゴConger myriasterの38.2%，エネルギー価はアメリカザリガニの12.43 kJ/gからマアナゴの27.79 kJ/gと，餌種間の差が大きかった。

抄録全体を表示

On August 1, 2013, a Jungle Nightjar Caprimulgus indicus and two chicks were found in a plantation of hinoki cypress Chamaecyparis obtusa at Chichibu, Saitama, Japan. We observed the brooding habits of the Jungle Nightjar and relocation movements of the chicks, but we were unable to confirm the sex of the adult Jungle Nightjar. When we approached the nest, the adult bird feigned an injury to draw our attention away from the nest. The chicks walked and moved whenever the adult bird left the nest. We found the chicks at different locations whenever we visited the nest. The furthest distance from where the chicks hatched was 15 m.

抄録全体を表示

In August 2013, Mr. Toyoharu Usuda donated a collection of skin specimens that he and his father, Mr. Toyota Usuda, have collected, to the Yamashina Institute for Ornithology. The collection is comprised of 168 specimens of 100 species, containing six specimens of two mammal species. Mr. Yasuhiro Satō is Mr. Toyota Usuda’s son-in-law, and took over a part of Mr. Usuda’s collection. In October 2013, he also donated the collection to the Yamashina Institute for Ornithology. The collection is comprised of 33 specimens of 28 bird species. Unfortunately, the donation included many specimens of which the localities and dates were unknown, because many were unlabeled and Mr. Toyota Usuda is now deceased. According to the remaining labels, almost all specimens were collected in and around Niigata City from 1918 to 1973.

抄録全体を表示

A collection of bird study specimens comprising 213 individuals of 106 species was donated to Yamashina Institute of Ornithology by the Fukushi family in June 2013. According to the labels, these specimens were collected in mainly Sapporo, Hokkaido, from 1879 to 1906 by Naritoyo Fukushi. Fukushi collected birds in Hokkaido with Thomas W. Blakiston, who first noticed the faunal boundary in Tsugaru Strait, which was subsequently named “Blakiston’s Line” in his honor.

抄録全体を表示

Dr. Yoshimaro Yamashina (1900–1989) was a Japanese ornithologist and the founder of the Yamashina Institute for Ornithology. His two-volume “A Natural History of Japanese Birds”, published in 1934 and 1941, was an important contribution that had a major influence on the development of Japanese ornithology. One characteristic of the book is the use of figures printed from wood engravings. Indeed, this is thought to be the only Japanese bird book that includes figures made in this way. The Institute has been working on registration and preservation of the old unattended materials. The project revealed materials, such as original drawings, wood blocks and autographed manuscripts that Dr. Yamashina had used in preparing the handbook. A total of 527 related materials were registered, consisting of 51 autographed manuscripts, 448 original drawings, wood blocks, etc., and 28 miscellaneous items such as letters and envelopes. It was evident that Dr. Yamashina had shown a meticulous attention to detail in the preparation of his handbook. Furthermore, he had kept working on writing with a clear intention of publishing a third volume. The materials for the published and unpublished handbooks are important for studying the history of the development of Japanese ornithology, and they are also valuable as a means of showing that Japan at that time had a culture capable of producing such a book. Most of these materials are owned by the Institute.

抄録全体を表示