In 15 cancer patients in the terminal stage, a continuous decrease of serum CEA value was observed by one-step method with Dainabot CEA RIA·kit.
In order to analyse this evidence, the CEA assay method itself was investigated in relation to the mechanism of the CEA decrease in the late stage of cancer patients.
We supposed that, in the one-step method, the extremely increased CEA or CEA-like substances might be combined with ¹²⁵I-CEA-antibody with interruption of the CEA RIA-kit reaction resulting in a low value of CEA. It was considered on the other hand that, in the two-step method, the consumption of ¹²⁵I-CEA-antibody was prevented without interruption of the CEA RIA·kit reaction resulting in no CEA decrease.

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The polymorphism of esterases present in tissue extracts of Nephrotoma virgata Coquillett was studied by thin layer agar gel electrophoresis. Esterase isozymes were divided into 7 main groups according to their electrophoretic mobility. In this paper, the Es-1 group was studied in detail and an estimation of the gene frequecies was made. The Es-1 group has 4 allelic isozymes (Es-1¹, Es-1², Es-1³, Es-1⁴). Es-1¹ and Es-1² were named Es-1^f, while Es-1³ and Es-1⁴ were named Es-1^s. Es-1^f and Es-1^s each migrated as a single band, and Es-1^f-s showed two bands. Among 391 individuals examined, 68 were Es-1^f, 187 were Es-1^f-s, and 137 were Es-1^s. Gene frequencies were calculated assuming autosomal codominant alleles, because Es-1^f, Es-1^f-s, and Es-1^s are separately identifiable. Therefore, there is no significant difference between the observed and the expected number. Calculated gene frequencies are in close agreement with the Hardy-Weinberg expectation values. It is indicated that Es-1^f (Es-1¹, Es-1²) and Es-1^s (Es-1³, Es-1⁴), allelic isozymes of the Es-1 group, are controlled by genes located at the same locus on the same chromosome.

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