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Volume 56 (2012)
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Volume 56, Issue 1
Displaying 1-7 of 7 articles from this issue
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Kazuyuki Nakamura2012 Volume 56 Issue 1 Pages 1-4
Published: 2012
Released on J-STAGE: August 30, 2012
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSI had the honor of giving a plenary lecture entitled "Electrophoresis: Past, Present, and Future" for the 60th Anniversary of Japanese Electrophoresis Society (JES) in 2010. In this 62nd General Meeting of JES I had the honor of giving an educational lecture entitled "Trilogy of Electrophoresis" in which the short history of development of electrophoresis was started from the first report on phenomena of electrophoresis and electro-osmosis by Reuss in Russia. And the innovation of technology of moving boundary electrophoresis by Tiselius in Sweden for successful applications to separate serum proteins, especially the discovery of antibodies in gamma-fraction was awarded to Nobel prize in 1948. The development of Tiselius electrophoresis apparatus by Hirai and Shimao in Japan triggered the clinical applications for serum protein fractionation specific for diseases to establish JES in 1950 and the publication of a journal of Seibutsu-butsuri-kagaku. The promotion of electrophoresis techniques by JES also triggered the innovation of many types of electrophoresis successively using new support media in Japan. A unique electrophoresis technique was reported by Nakamura in Japan so called "Cross electrophoresis". The technique has been developed to be affinity electrophoresis which enabled us to separate proteins by bio-specific interactions with other proteins, nucleic acids, carbohydrates, and a wide-variety of substances. Those innovations of electrophoresis technique have much contributed to the development of bioscience and biotechnology in the world.View full abstractDownload PDF (1754K)
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Yoshiyuki Watanabe, Yoshihito Yoshida, Ritsuko Oikawa, Masaki Hara, Hi ...2012 Volume 56 Issue 1 Pages 5-8
Published: 2012
Released on J-STAGE: August 30, 2012
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSGastrointestinal cancer (GI Cancer) is the leading cause of cancer death in the world. Its prognosis is determined by clinical staging at diagnosis and treatment. Diagnostic tool such as gastrointestinal endoscopy followed by pathological analysis and/or fluoroscopy have proven useful; however, the mortality rate has remained high throughout the world. The need for less invasive and more efficient diagnostic tools has led to a search for GI cancer antigens. Molecular markers that distinguish benign from clinically silent malignant disease are needed to reduce the number of unnecessary endoscopic biopsies and to improve detection of GI cancer at an early stage. Cytosine DNA methylation is an important epigenetic change which leads to the recruitment of transcription repressors and chromatin changes. During the development and progression of GI cancer, many genes are silenced by aberrant methylation of CpG islands, which are CpG dinucleotide-rich areas located within the promoters of approximately 60% of human genes. Recently, methylated CpG island amplification microarray (MCAM) based genome-wide DNA methylation profiles have been available for analyzing primary neoplasms. We reported that DNA methylation analysis using MCAM is useful for the detection of primary GI cancers.View full abstractDownload PDF (1017K) -
Osamu Maeda, Takafumi Ando, Kazuhiro Ishiguro, Osamu Watanabe, Yoko Hi ...2012 Volume 56 Issue 1 Pages 9-14
Published: 2012
Released on J-STAGE: August 30, 2012
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSPhenomenon of field cancerization or field defect is biological change as premalignancy at non-cancerous region around tumor, which is considered to be an important mechanism of carcinogenesis. We evaluated whether normal appearing mucosa of colorectal cancer patients has aberrant DNA methylation in a genome-wide manner. We compared methylation status in normal colorectal mucosa of healthy persons and colorectal cancer patients using methylated CpG island amplification microarray (MCAM), and extracted candidate genes with difference in methylation levels between healthy persons and colorectal cancer patients. We extracted fifteen genes in which we judged to have difference of methylation using MCAM between four pairs of normal colorectal mucosa of healthy persons and normal appearing mucosa adjacent to colorectal cancer. We performed quantitative methylation analysis with bisulfite pyrosequencing for candidate genes extracted with MCAM for the four pairs of samples. We also estimated the methylation levels of the genes of 50 colorectal biopsy samples using quantitative methods. We did not find any genes that revealed significant difference in methylation levels between adjacent mucosa and healthy normal colon. Aberrant promoter hypermethylation in normal appearing mucosa adjacent to colorectal cancer is not considered to be common.View full abstractDownload PDF (971K) -
Eiichiro Yamamoto, Hiromu Suzuki, Kohzoh Imai, Yasuhisa Shinomura2012 Volume 56 Issue 1 Pages 15-18
Published: 2012
Released on J-STAGE: August 30, 2012
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSColorectal cancers (CRCs) can be categorized into three subclasses according to aberrant CpG island methylation status: CpG island methylator phenotype (CIMP)-high, CIMP-low and CIMP-negative. CIMP-high CRCs are significantly associated with BRAF mutation, MLH1 methylation and subsequent microsatellite instability (MSI). Recent evidence suggests that sessile serrated adenomas (SSAs) are precursors of sporadic CRCs with CIMP-high. In the clinical field, however, accurate diagnosis of SSAs is often difficult because there is no clear histological or endoscopic definition to distinguish SSAs from hyperplastic polyps. Our integrated analysis of the clinical features and molecular alterations identified a novel surface microstructure, termed Type II-Open, which is highly specific to SSAs with BRAF mutation and CIMP-high. The findings will improve the efficacy of colonoscopic surveillance to prevent CRCs.View full abstractDownload PDF (618K)
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Moriaki Hatsugai, Tomohiro Kato2012 Volume 56 Issue 1 Pages 19-24
Published: 2012
Released on J-STAGE: August 30, 2012
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSUlcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD) are the two major inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). It is difficult to discriminate between UC and CD in 10-15% of IBD cases without typical findings for UC or CD. Such cases are diagnosed as indeterminate colitis (IC). We analyzed protein profiles of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) to discriminate between UC and CD. PBMC-derived proteins from 17 UC patients, 13 CD patients, and 17 healthy control subjects were separated by 2-dimensional differential gel electrophoresis. The intensities of individual protein spots were subjected to multivariate analysis of orthogonal partial least square-discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) of UC and CD. As a result, a total of 547 protein spots were detected. OPLS-DA using 276 protein spots out of the 547 spots clearly discriminated the UC patients from the CD patients. A similar analysis using further selected 58 protein spots showed possible higher performance for the discrimination in unknown cases. Eleven out of the 58 protein spots were successfully identified, which included the proteins associated with inflammation and oxidation/reduction. In addition, the PBMC protein profiles were useful for prediction of clinical parameters such as disease activity. Several proteomic studies, including our study, have shown the excellent discrimination of UC from CD. Therefore, validation of such discriminant models would supply useful biomarkers for the differential diagnosis of UC and CD.View full abstractDownload PDF (1087K) -
Daisuke Kubota, Yoshiyuki Suehara, Kazutaka Kikuta, Kazuo Kaneko, Akir ...2012 Volume 56 Issue 1 Pages 25-29
Published: 2012
Released on J-STAGE: August 30, 2012
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSBone and soft-tissue sarcomas originate from mesenchymal tissues that include bone, cartilage, muscles, fat, fibrous tissues, vessels, and peripheral nerves. Bone and soft-tissue sarcomas are rare disease, accounting for less than 1% of all malignancies, and there are 50 different types of sarcomas. Sarcomas show characteristic differences in cell of origin, disease site, growth tendency, and chemosensitivity. Biomarkers can be integrated into clinical practice to improve diagnostic accuracy, predict treatment response, and optimize the therapeutic strategy of sarcomas. We aimed to identify the novel biomarkers for several types of sarcomas using proteomic approach. The protein expression profiles of sarcomas were created using two-dimensional difference gel electrophoresis (2D-DIGE). Protein samples were labeled by CyDye DIGE Fluor saturation dye and separated by our original large format gels. The reproducible proteome data were obtained by using internal control samples. Proteomic study identified biomarker candidates for personalized therapy of sarcoma patients. Using 2D-DIGE and sarcoma clinical specimens with a detailed clinicopathological dataset, we identified proteins that influenced metastasis / recurrence after surgery in gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) patients, or those induced resistance to standard chemotherapy in osteosarcoma patients. These biomarkers may be a useful clinical tool to develop personalized therapeutic strategies in bone and soft-tissue sarcoma patients.View full abstractDownload PDF (1513K) -
Wataru Yoshida, Michinori Toriyama, Naoyuki Inagaki2012 Volume 56 Issue 1 Pages 31-34
Published: 2012
Released on J-STAGE: August 30, 2012
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTwo-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE) combined with mass spectrometry is a powerful method to screen and identify proteins expressed in cells and tissues. However, it is difficult to separate a large number of proteins including low abundant ones, using a standard 2-DE. To solve these problems, we established a large gel two-dimensional electrophoresis system. Using this system, we analyzed spatio-temporal dynamics of proteins during neuronal polarization of cultured hippocampal neurons, and identified a novel protein, Shootin1, that is up-regulated during neuronal polarization, accumulated at tips of axons, and promoted axon formation. In this article, we review an attempt to establish highly sensitive proteomics with 2-DE and functional analyses of Shootin1.
View full abstractDownload PDF (1560K)
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