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Volume 41 (1997)
- Issue 6 Pages 279-
- Issue 5 Pages 226-
- Issue 4 Pages 169-
- Issue 3 Pages 95-
- Issue 2 Pages 43-
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Volume 41, Issue 6
Displaying 1-14 of 14 articles from this issue
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Naoyuki Taniguchi1997 Volume 41 Issue 6 Pages 279-286
Published: December 15, 1997
Released on J-STAGE: March 31, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (979K) -
Naoki Yamamoto1997 Volume 41 Issue 6 Pages 287-292
Published: December 15, 1997
Released on J-STAGE: March 31, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSSince the discovery of AIDS and its etiological agent HIV-1 more than a decade ago, overwhelming progress has been achieved recently. This is mainly due to the better understanding of viral dynamics in vivo, the discovery of HIV coreceptors and the dramatic effect of triple combination therapy in patients. This article describes these topics and some of our studies from the virological point of view.View full abstractDownload PDF (776K) -
Its application to HCV monitoring in IFN therapyTakahiko Ishiguro1997 Volume 41 Issue 6 Pages 293-300
Published: December 15, 1997
Released on J-STAGE: March 31, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWe demonstrated the application of IM-PCR, intercalation monitoring PCR, to quantify HCV RNA of serum samples from patients with chronic hepatitis C by performing PCR in the presence of oxazole yellow derivative, a fluorescent DNA intercalative dye, and monitoring the fluorescence intensity of the PCR reaction mixture in the course of PCR cycles. The assay gave the efficient and reproducible results in clinically useful dynamic range bellow 10-6 copies of HCV RNA for interferon therapy. We also reported here our novel fluorescent DNA probe, oxazole yellow (YO)-linked oligonucleotide complementary to a target DNA/RNA, which can enhance the fluorescence on hybridizing with a target nucleotide and its applicability to construct an assay of a sequence specific homogeneous detection of HCV RNA in clinical samples in conjunction with RT-PCR.View full abstractDownload PDF (832K) -
Hirofumi Fukushima1997 Volume 41 Issue 6 Pages 301-305
Published: December 15, 1997
Released on J-STAGE: March 31, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDNA profiling has become a standard technique in criminal investigations due to its ability to obtain results from any biological material. PCR-based DNA typing systems have also enabled analyses of DNA obtained from highly decomposed human remains. Based on the length and genomic distribution of the core repeat sequences, two systems are classified as minisatellites and microsatellites (or short tandem repeats). In particular, short tandem repeats (STRs) are abundant classes of polymorphic loci dispersed throughout the entire genome. Each STR locus usually consists of a limited number of the core repeats of 2-5 basepairs, which can easily be resolved by analytical gel electrophoresis. In combination with the use of fluorescence-labelled primers employing different fluorescent dyes, STR loci with overlapping or identical allele size ranges can be analyzed together in the same lane of polyacrylamide gel, thus providing a rapid and accurate method for human identification. Automated DNA profiling by fluorescence-based technology, as well as its application, have been studied and validated for use in forensic laboratory routine.View full abstractDownload PDF (557K) -
Jun-ichi Asakawa1997 Volume 41 Issue 6 Pages 307-312
Published: December 15, 1997
Released on J-STAGE: March 31, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWe have developed a high resolution two-dimensional electrophoresis (2DE) of end labeled DNA fragments and have implemented a computer based approach for the analysis of the 2DE patterns. We have also undertaken studies of genetic variation which distinguish quantitatively between one- and two-copy fragments. The use of a methylation sensitive restriction enzyme allows studies of genomic DNA methylation and the identification of novel loci on the X-chromosome which escape methylation inactivation. We have cloned a NotI/EcoRV fragment corresponding to such a spot. The cloned DNA fragment was mapped to Xp11.4 by FISH analysis. We have also implemented the approach to detect genomic alteration in lung tumor. We have cloned nine DNA fragments among 11 amplified spots identified only in the tumor DNA pattern. We have demonstrated the power and usefulness of our approach in the study of genetic as well as epigenetic genomic alteration.View full abstractDownload PDF (6715K) -
Masao Kamahori, Satoshi Takahashi, Hideki Kambara1997 Volume 41 Issue 6 Pages 313-318
Published: December 15, 1997
Released on J-STAGE: March 31, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSHigh-speed and high-throughput DNA analysis is important for research in biochemistry and molecular biology. However, it is difficult to achieve high-speed analysis by using a higher electric field in the slab gel electrophoresis, since the high electric field resulted in reducing resolution or gel breakdown by Joule heating. In capillary gel electrophoresis (CGE), high electric field can be applied without a large amount of Joule heating. Although CGE can achieve a rapid analysis, the throughput is not large. High-throughput DNA analysis needs multiple capillaries. In this paper, we described a multi-capillary DNA sequencer capable of analyzing DNA samples in 48 capillaries simultaneously. This system based on a multiple sheath-flow technique coupled with multi-color detection using an image-splitting prism. The technique has been adopted for both ssDNA and dsDNA separation. DNA sequencing was performed within 2h up to 500 bases. Sizing of dsDNA and SSCP can be accomplished quickly and precisely.View full abstractDownload PDF (2290K) -
Kazuo Maruyama1997 Volume 41 Issue 6 Pages 319-323
Published: December 15, 1997
Released on J-STAGE: March 31, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSPopularity of the Internet has enabled us to access information worldwide. However, it becomes more and more difficult to distinguish useful information from the vast majority of useless information. By introducing useful home pages, here we describe what kind of information we can obtain and how we can find them efficiently on the Net. Unfortunately people in Japan have been just receiving information from abroad for many years. Now it's time for Japanese researchers to give information of high quality to the world.View full abstractDownload PDF (2645K) -
Its past, present and futureYoshihisa Itoh1997 Volume 41 Issue 6 Pages 325-328
Published: December 15, 1997
Released on J-STAGE: March 31, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSMost urine specimens are easily obtained and examined by simple available tests. Urine protein research and tests have been, therefore, main interests in urinalysis. Past, present and future prospects of clinical research and tests on urine protein are reviewed here in relevance with laboratory medicine.View full abstractDownload PDF (590K) -
Toyoji Sato, Takakazu Ikeda, Machiko Ogawa, Kumiko Orikasa, Kuniko Yos ...1997 Volume 41 Issue 6 Pages 329-334
Published: December 15, 1997
Released on J-STAGE: March 31, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn order to gain a bit more understanding of the effects of exercise on healthy subjects, we analysed urine samples obtained before and after strenous exercise. In the first group, consisting of 7 male students, the excretion of total protein, total alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and intestinal ALP (TAP) peaked, 1h after running 3km. Increases were also noted in high molecular mass ALP and IAP. From other group, made up of 20 male and 10 female high-schoolers, we examined samples of Tamm-Horsfall protein (THP) procured approximately 3h after the exercise regimen. It should be noted, here, that the subjects involved were all members of their school's track and field teams. Increases in the protein were seen in 4 of the males (3 of whom were jumpers, while the 4th was a middle long-distance runner) and in 1 of the females (also a middle long-distance runner). ALP and THP are GPI-anchor proteins. IAP and THP localize on the segment S 3 of the proximal tubule, and on the distal tubule of the kidney, respectively. Macromolecular ALP also increased after running. These findings may indicate that strenous exercises induce the intermittent renal injuries.View full abstractDownload PDF (6944K) -
Shigeo Tomura, Kiyoko Shiba1997 Volume 41 Issue 6 Pages 335-337
Published: December 15, 1997
Released on J-STAGE: March 31, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESS(1) Evaluation of urine protein in glomerular disease by one-dimensional and two-dimensional electrophoresis. The characteristics of constituent urine proteins in patients with chronic glomerular disease were examined by a combination of one-dimensional SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and micro two-dimensional electrophoresis coupled with silver staining. Albumin and transferrin were the main constituents and the appearance of high molecular weight proteins was rare in patients with minimal change nephrotic syndrome. In patients with membranous nephropathy, high molecular weight proteins such as IgG, IgA and α2-microglobulin predominated. A characteristic finding of focal glomerular sclerosis was that albumin and transferrin were distributed on the basic side of the protein map. Patients with mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis had albumin and transferrin as the main components. (2) Prevalence of microalbuminuria and relationship to risk of cardiovascular disease. The prevalence of microalbuminuria and it's relationship to cardiovascular risk factors was examined in subjects. with negative in a routine dipstick test for protein, participating in health screening program. A turbidimetric immunoassay was used for the measurement of urinary albumin. Microalbuminuria was present in 13.2%. Microalbuminuria was related to hyperglycemia, hypertension and left ventricular hypertrophy.View full abstractDownload PDF (1758K) -
Kiyoko Shiba, Nobuo Hiratsuka, Katsumi Sinomura, Seijin Hosaki, Kenji ...1997 Volume 41 Issue 6 Pages 339-344
Published: December 15, 1997
Released on J-STAGE: March 31, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSUrinary proteins of patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) were analyzed using cellulose acetate membrane electrophoresis, to determine the clinical usefulness of fraction patterns of the proteins in detecting the group at high risk for diabetic nephropathy. We divided the protein patterns into 5 groups. Four groups (I, II, III, IV) were found in the healthy group and a newly classified group was termed group 0 and was characterized by a prominent albumin peak with a negligible or small globulin peak. The incidence of groups 0, I, II, III, and IV, was 36.0%, 13.3%, 17.3%, 10.7% and 22.7%, respectively. This distribution was clearly different from that of healthy subjects and the most characteristic feature of diabetics was that groups 0 accounted for 36.6% of the total cases. Characteristic features of each group were examined from the aspect of laboratory and clinical findings. Urinary protein patterns were concluded to be useful not only to predict the high risk group for diabetic nephropathy in the preclinical stage but also to discliminate nephropatic types of glomerular or tubular origin. It is useful for clinicians to know the risk stages and prognosis for diabetic nephropathy.View full abstractDownload PDF (4038K) -
From its purification to clinical applicationTetsuji Yamaguchi, Toshiyuki Yamada, Ryuta Okutani, Yoshihisa Itoh1997 Volume 41 Issue 6 Pages 345-349
Published: December 15, 1997
Released on J-STAGE: March 31, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSHuman protein 1 (P1) was originally found in urine as a low molecular weight protein. We purified this protein from pathological urine, analyzed its amino acid sequences, and thus demonstrated structural identity with human lung Clara cell 10kDa protein. Monoclonal antibodies were prepared and utilized for a sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for measuring P1 concentration. Considerable amount of P1 was found in seminal fluids. This gave a cause for marked sex-associated differences in urinary P1 levels. Serum P1 levels were decreased in smokers as compared with those in non-smokers, probably representing altered function of lung Clara cells. In order to investigate biological functions of P1, recombinant P1 was prepared. Confirming a previous report on the inhibition of phospholipase A2, we also demonstrated that the protein inhibited phospholipase C activities, suggesting a possible role of P1 in modulation of inflammation at affected sites.View full abstractDownload PDF (1370K) -
Jun Suzuki, Yukako Shirato, Yukiko Sekiya, Eiji Yoshihara, Sadao Kobay ...1997 Volume 41 Issue 6 Pages 351-355
Published: December 15, 1997
Released on J-STAGE: March 31, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSHemolysin produced by group A, C and G streptococci causes membrane damage by a mechanism dissimilar to that of a streptolysin S (SLS). This result was confirmed by analysis of isoelectric point, hemolytic efficiency and destruction of liposomes by hemolysin. On the other hand, although SLS has been shown not to induce destruction of liposomes, K+ was lost from the liposomes after exposure to 100 HD50 of SLS. This result suggested not only that hemolysis induced by SLS involves colloid-osmotic processes but also that SLS is a poreforming toxin.View full abstractDownload PDF (1732K) -
Tetsuro Samata, Yoko Kubota1997 Volume 41 Issue 6 Pages 357-360
Published: December 15, 1997
Released on J-STAGE: March 31, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSUsing 2D-PAGE and SDS-PAGE, we elucidated the structure of the organic matrix in chicken eggshell for the first time. The large variety of components contained implies that the eggshell formation may be controlled by several components. We believe that 2D-PAGE is a good tool for separating the heterogeneous organic matrix and can be used to analyze the organic matrix in different kinds of biominerals.View full abstractDownload PDF (3504K)
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